GIP	glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (previously known as gastric inhibitory peptide)
GLP1	glucagon-like peptide 1
T2D	type 2 diabetes
GLP1R	glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor
GLP1RA	glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist
DPP4	dipeptidyl peptidase 4
DPP4i	dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor
DKD	diabetic kidney disease
T1D	type 1 diabetes
ESRD	end stage renal disease
GRF	glomerular filtration rate
KRT	kidney replacement therapy
PCSK1	proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 1
PCSK3	proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 3
cAMP	cyclic adenosine monophosphate
NEP	neutral endopeptidase (neprilysin)
Fc	fragment crystallizable
XR	extended release
SNAC	sodium N-(8-[2-hydroxybenzoyl]amino) caprylate
HbA1c	haemoglobin A1c
CVOT	cardiovascular outcome trial
LEADER trial	the Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcome Results trial
eGFR	estimated glomerular filtration rate
SUSTAIN-6 trial	the Trial to Evaluate Cardiovascular and Other Long-Term Outcomes with Semaglutide in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes trial
EXSCEL trial	the Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering trial
CARMELINA trial	the Cardiovascular and Renal Microvascular Outcome Study with Linagliptin trial
UACR	urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio
SAVOR-TIMI 53 trial	the Saxagliptin Assessment of Vascular Outcomes Recorded in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus—Thrombosis in Myocardial Infraction trial
AGE	advanced glycation end-product
AOPP	advanced oxidation protein product
NADPH	reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NF-ĸB	nuclear factor ĸB
TGF-β	transformin growth factor-β
ERα	oestrogen receptor α
ERβ	oestrogen receptor β
GLUT4	glucose transporter type 4
NHE3	sodium-hydrogen exchanger 3
SDF1α	stromal cell-derived factor 1α
ICAM1	intercellular adhesion molecule 1
TLR2	toll-like receptor 2
TLR4	toll-like receptor 4
TNF	tumour necrosis factor
IL-1B	interleukin 1B
MAPK8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8
SOCS3	suppressor of cytokine signalling 3
CCl2	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2
NGAL	neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin
CRP	C reactive protein
IL-6	interleukin 6
IL-18	interleukin 18
LDL	low density lipoprotein
HDL	high density lipoprotein