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. 2021 Oct 23;13(11):3744. doi: 10.3390/nu13113744

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Bacterial transformation of ellagitannins into urolithin A and B in humans. The ETs in ingested food are converted to EA in the human duodenum. In the lower intestinal tract, EA is converted to urolithin M-5, which can be converted into the intermediates urolithin E, urolithin M-6 and urolithin D. Urolithin E converts to urolithin M-7, while urolithin M-6 and urolithin D give rise to urolithin C. Urolithin C converts to isourolithin A and urolithin B respectively. Alternatively, urolithin M-7 and urolithin C are converted to urolithin A.