Table 1.

Pomegranate/ellagitannins/urolithins-based studies in relation to neuroprotection.

Compound	In Vitro Model	In Vivo Model	Dose/ Duration	Neuroprotective Roles	Reference
Ellagic acid (EA), Urolithins A, B, C and D	Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)	-	10 µM	Anti-atherogenic effects	Mele et al., 2016 [190]
Punicalagin	Primary mixed glial cells, organotypic hippocampal slice cultures	-	5–40 µM	Anti-inflammatory effects	Olajide et al., 2014 [191]
Urolithin A/B	-	C. elegans	10 µg/mL	Anti-Aβ fibrillation effects	Yuan et al., 2016 [171]
Pomegranate (freeze dried)	SK-N-SH cells	-	50–200 ppm	Anti-inflammatory effects Inhibition of BACE1 and Aβ	Velagapudi et al., 2016 [192]
Pomegranate- (pulp hydroalcoholic extract juice, pulp aqueous extract)	PC12	-	800 μg/mL 6 h/12 h	Antioxidant activity Anti-apoptogenic activity	Forouzanfar et al., 2013 [193]
Pomegranate peel extract	-	Male C57Bl/6 mice	800 mg/kg/day for 35 days	Reduction of Aβ plaque density, lipid peroxidation Anti-inflammatory effects Increase in the expression of neurotrophin BDNF	Morzelle et al., 2016 [194]
Pomegranate extract	PC12	mice	800 mg/kg/day	Antioxidant effects Inhibition of Aβ-induced learning and memory deficiency	Choi et al., 2015 [195]
Pomegranate (freeze dried)	-	Transgenic mice APPsw/Tg2576	4% fruit diet	Antioxidant activity	Subash et al., 2014 [196]
Urolithin A/B	MCF7	-	40 µM	Estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activity	Larrosa et al., 2006 [140]
Urolithin A/B	SK-N-MC	-	10 μM	Antiglycative activity	Verzelloni et al., 2011 [197]
Urolithins A/B	BV2 murine microglia and SH-SY5Y non-contact, co-culture model	-	10 μM	Anti-neuroinflammatory activity	DaSilva et al., 2017 [198]
Urolithins A/B	BV2 murine microglia	-	3–30 μM	Anti-neuroinflammatory activity	Xu et al., 2018 [199]