AAV	adeno-associated virus
ACP5	acid phosphatase 5
ACVIM	American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine
ADAMTS-7	a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-7
AGEs	advanced glycation end products
Ap	alkaline phosphatase
APF	autophagy promoting factor
APPAT	atherosclerotic plaque pathogenesis associated transcript
AR	aortic regurgitation
ASD	atrial septal defects
ASOs	antisense nucleotides
ATF4	activator transcription factor 4
AUROC	Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics
AVICS	aortic valve interstitial cells
BAV	bicuspid aortic valve
BMPs	bone morphogenetic proteins
BMP-2	Bone morphogenetic protein 2
CAIF	cardiac autophagy inhibitory factor
CARL	cardiac apoptosis-related lncRNA
CAVS	calcific aortic valve stenosis
Chast	cardiac hypertrophy-associated transcript
CHD	Congenital heart diseases
CHRF	cardiac hypertrophy-related factor;
CircRIC3	circular RNA
CoA	coarctation of the aorta
CPLL	combinatorial peptide ligand library
DPP4	dipeptidyl peptidase-4
EGFR	Epidermal growth factor receptor
ESI-MS/MS	electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
ETA	endothelin type A
FGF	Fibroblast growth factor
GAS5	growth block specificity 5
GATA6	GATA Binding Protein 6
Giver	growth factor-and proinflammatory cytokine-induced vascular cell-expressed lncRNA
Gpx1	Glutathione Peroxidase 1
HCD	high cholesterol diet
HDAC4	histone deacetylase 4
HIF1A-AS1	HIF1 alpha-antisense RNA1
HOTAIR	HOX antisense intergenic RNA
HOXA2	Homeobox A2
hVICs	human valvular interstitial cells
IGF-1	insulin-growth factor 1
IS	immune system
iTRAQ	Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation
JAK-STAT	Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription
lincRNA-p21	long intergenic noncoding RNA-p21
LNA	locked nucleic acid MEG3: maternally expressed gene 3
MALAT1	metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1
Mhrt	myosin heavy chain associated RNA transcripts
MIAT	myocardial infarction–associated transcript
miRNA	microRNA
MITF	Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor
MMPs	Matrix metalloproteinase
MMVD	myxomatous mitral valve disease
MR	mitral regurgitation
MTCR	mitral chordae tendineae rupture
MV	mitral valve
MVP	mitral valve prolapse
NADPH	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Neat1	nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1
NRAS	neuroblastoma RAS
OC	osteocalcin
OPG/RANK/RANKL	osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB and its ligand
OPN	Osteopontin
OSX	osterix factor
Ph	phosphorus
PIK3R2	phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2
Plekhm1	pleckstrin homology domain-containing protein family M member 1
PPP3CA	Protein Phosphatase 3 Catalytic Subunit Alpha
PPP3R1	Protein Phosphatase 3 Regulatory Subunit B, Alpha
Prdx1	Peroxiredoxin 1
PTGS 2	Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2
PVA	pulmonary valve atresia
RHD	rheumatic heart disease
ROS	reactive oxygen species
RT-qPCR	Real-time quantitative PCR
Runx2	RUNX Family Transcription Factor 2
SATB2	Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2
siRNAs	short interfering RNAs
SIRT1	Sirtuin 1
SM	smooth muscle
SM22α	smooth muscle 22 alpha
SOCS1	suppressor of cytokine signaling 1
SOD1	superoxide dismutase 1
SOD2	superoxide dismutase 2
SRF	serum response factor
STAT3	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
S1PR1	Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 1
TA	tricuspid atresia
TAV	tricuspid aortic valve
TGFB1	tumor growth factor-beta 1
TGFBR2	transforming growth factor beta receptor 2
TIMP-2	Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
TOF	tetralogy of Fallot
TRPV1	transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1
TUG1	taurine upregulated 1
UCA1	urothelial carcinoma-associated
VC	valvular calcification
VEGFA	vascular endothelial growth factor alpha
VSD	ventricular septal defects
VSMCs	vascular smooth muscle cells
XIST	X-inactive specific transcript
α-SMA	alpha-smooth muscle actin
2D	bi-dimensional
2-OMe	2-O-methyl
3D	three-dimensional