Figure 1.

Microbiome diversity is altered in periodontitis sites compared to healthy sites. (A) Alpha diversity of periodontitis sites and healthy sites, depicted by the Shannon index, compared by the use of Mann-Whitney U test. (B) Principal-coordinate analysis of unweighted UniFrac distances for periodontitis sites and healthy sites. Box plots shown along each axis represent the median and interquartile range and indicate the distribution of samples along the given axis. Each point represents a single sample and is colored by site. PERMANOVA values, R2 values, and p values are shown. The same principal-coordinate analysis colored by the relative abundances of phyla, ***: p < 0.001 (C) Synergistetes and (D) Firmicutes. Relative abundances of phyla (E) Synergistetes and (F) Firmicutes within the periodontitis sites and the healthy sites, as assessed by Mann-Whitney tests with false-discovery-rate correction.