Table 1.
Clinical data of patients.
| Clinical Data/Patient | Patient 1 | Patient 2 | Patient 3 | Patient 4 | Patient 5 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Envenomation severity | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Severe | Severe | |
| Gender | Male | Female | Male | Male | Male | |
| Bite site | Foot | Foot | Foot | Leg | Foot | |
| Tourniquet use | No | No | No | Yes | No | |
| Time until hospital admission | 5 h | 2 h | 6 h | 11 h | 4 h | |
| Time from hospital admission to blister appearance | 58 h | 135 h | 77 h | 111 h | 80 h | |
| Time from envenomation to blister appearance | 63 h | 137 h | 83 h | 122 h | 84 h | |
| Blister site * | Foot | Foot | Foot | Leg | Foot | |
| Pain | Time 0 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 10 | 10 |
| Time 24 | 4 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 5 | |
| (0 to 10 scale) ** | Time 48 | 0 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Time 72 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 7 | |
| Time 144 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 8 | 0 | |
| Edema *** | Time 0 | Moderate | Moderate | Mild | Moderate | Moderate |
| Time 24 | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Severe | |
| Time 48 | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Severe | |
| Time 72 | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | |
| Time 144 | Moderate | Mild | Mild | Moderate | Moderate | |
| Ecchymosis | No | After 48 h | No | No | No | |
| Necrosis | No | No | No | No | No | |
| Infection | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Lactic Dehydrogenase # | Time 0 | 464 | 234 | 715 | 935 | 264 |
| Time 24 | 335 | 221 | 501 | 305 | 255 | |
| Time 48 | 308 | 115 | 281 | 286 | 344 | |
| Time 72 | 313 | 283 | 302 | 328 | 255 | |
| Time 144 | 285 | 263 | 289 | 230 | 289 | |
| C-reactive protein ## | Time 0 | 6,5 | 6,5 | 48 | 96 | 6,5 |
| Time 24 | 96 | 96 | 48 | 96 | 48 | |
| Time 48 | 96 | 96 | 192 | 24 | 48 | |
| Time 72 | 24 | 96 | 96 | 48 | 96 | |
| Time 144 | 48 | 96 | 96 | 12 | 48 | |
* In all patients, blisters were hemorrhagic and appeared in the perilesional area, next to the bite. ** Pain (0–10) scale of 0 to 10 with 10 as highest; *** Edema was classified according to its extension, in segments as recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health [22]: mild = 1 to 2 segments, moderate = 3 to 4 segments, and severe = 5 affected segments. # Lactic Dehydrogenase normal value 190 UI/l; ## C-reactive protein normal value 0.8 mg/dL.