Table 2.

Scaffold-based 3D techniques overview with attribute.

Technique	Protein-Based EMC	Natural Hydrogels	Synthetic Hydrogels	Hard Polymer Scaffold
Product description	Matrigel®	Collagen, hyaluronic acid	TrueGel3D (polymers with crosslinkers)	Polystyrene-polycaprolactone Alvetex
Biological relevance	Effective +++	Effective +++	+/−	+/−
Consistency/reproducibility	Low −	High ++	Very high+++	Very high +++
Risk of contamination	Low −	High++	Very high+++	Very high +++
Modularity/customization	Low −	Moderate +	High ++	low −
Cell recovery	+/−	+	++	+++
Downstream analysis (imaging, molecular analysis)	+	++	++	++
References	[107,108,109,110]	[111,112,113,114,115]	[116,117,118]	[119,120,121,122,123]