Antiviral effect of curcumin against SARS-CoV-2 by pre–post infection treatment. (A) Representative scheme of pre–post infection treatment. (B)The figure shows the reduction of D614G strain titer (PFU/mL) on Vero E6 supernatants after pre–post infection treatment with curcumin (n = 4). Chloroquine (CQ) was included as a positive control of viral inhibition. Data were presented as median ± IQR (interquartile range). Mann–Whitney test ** p ≤ 0.01. Inhibition percentages of 99%, 51.3%, 22.2%, and 27.8% were obtained at 10, 5, 2.5, and 1.25 µg/mL of curcumin, respectively. (C) Representative plaques on Vero E6 cells of pre–post infection treatment of curcumin against D614G strain.