. 2021 Nov 14;14(22):6860. doi: 10.3390/ma14226860

Table 5.

Comparison of three simulation results with test results.

Specimens	ABAQUS Results			Test Results N_p/kN	N_u/N_p	N_up/N_p	$N_{u h} / N_{p}$
Specimens	$N_{u} / kN$	$N_{up} / kN$	$N_{uh} / kN$	Test Results N_p/kN	N_u/N_p	N_up/N_p	$N_{u h} / N_{p}$
C1Q2S4T1R1	4107	4183	4220	4200	97.8%	99.6%	100.5%
C2Q2S4T2R1	4341	4495	4554	4506	96.3%	99.8%	101.1%
C3Q2S5T1R1	4208	4317	4388	4340	96.9%	99.5%	101.1%
C4Q2S7T1R1	4529	4690	4721	4596	98.5%	102.0%	102.7%
C5Q4S4T1R1	4270	4641	4726	4462	95.7%	104.0%	105.9%
C6Q4S4T2R1	4649	5094	5307	5050	92.1%	100.9%	105.1%
C7Q4S5T1R1	4621	4991	5056	4878	94.7%	102.3%	103.6%
C8Q4S7T1R1	5086	5447	5531	5383	94.5%	101.2%	102.7%
C9Q4S7T1R2	4824	5283	5312	5120	94.2%	103.2%	103.8%
C10Q4S7T1R3	4707	4951	5003	4848	97.1%	102.1%	103.2%
C11Q6S4T1R1	4433	4961	5019	4847	91.5%	102.4%	103.5%
C12Q6S4T2R1	4786	5440	5536	5407	88.5%	100.6%	102.4%
C13Q6S5T1R1	5025	5729	5955	5487	91.6%	104.4%	108.5%
C14Q6S7T1R1	5682	6733	6892	6220	91.1%	108.2%	110.8%

$N_{u}$ is the simulation result based on no confinement, $N_{u p}$ is the simulation result only considering the confinement effect of the stirrups, $N_{u h}$ is the simulation result considering the confinement effect of the stirrups and steel.