Table 1.

Sources of algal flavonoids and their possible anticancer activity.

Subclass	Flavonoids	Algae Source	Amount	Possible Bioactivity	Reference
Flavonol	Quercetin	Nostoc ellipsosporum	23.8 ± 1.03 µg/g fresh wt	Anticancer, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, Neuroprotective, Hepatoprotective	[13,14,15,16,17,18]
		Microcheate tenera	18.4 ± 0.85 µg/g fresh wt
		Limnothrix obliqueacuminata	12.4 ± 0.43 µg/g fresh wt
		Hapalosiphon fontinalis	11.7 ± 0.66 µg/g fresh wt
	Myricetin	Dunaliella tertiolecta	6.5 ± 0.6 attomol/cell	Anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-infectious, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, neuroprotective	[19,20]
		Tubinaria ornata	346 ± 3.4 µg/g
	Kaempferol	Nannochloris sp.	12.10 ± 1.32 µg/g	Anticancer, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antidiabetic, Neuroprotective	[14,15,21,22,23]
		Microcheate tenera	7.8 ± 0.7 µg/g fresh wt
		Nostoc ellipsosporum	4.3 ± 0.6 µg/g fresh wt
		Hapalosiphon fontinalis.	4.8 ± 0.6 µg/g fresh wt
		Westiellopsis prolific	7.8 ± 0.46 µg/g fresh wt
	Rutin	Microcheate tenera	29.4 ± 0.72 µg/g	Anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti Inflammatory, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective	[13,14,15,19,24]
		Dunaliella tertiolecta	2.8 ± 0.3 attomol/cell
		Hapalosiphon intricatus	9.61 µg/g fresh wt
		Calothrix geitonos	12.0 ± 0.4 µg/g fresh wt
		Mastigocladus laminosus	13.4 ± 0.46 µg/g fresh wt
		Lyngbya sp.	8.8 ± 0.6 µg/g fresh wt
		Phormidium	8.8 ± 0.6 µg/g
		Nostoc sp.	4.52 mg/g
	Morin	Caulerpa serrulata	3730 ± 23 µg/g	Anticancer, antioxidant, anti-microbial, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, anti-arthritis, anti-inflammatory, nephroprotective, cardio protective, hepatoprotective	[25,26]
Flavanol	Catechin	Porphyra tenera	128.8 ± 2.9 µg/g	Anticancer, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Anti-allergenic, anti-inflammatory, UV protection activity	[19,27,28,29,30,31]
		Spirulina platensis	22.7 ± 2.3 µg/g
		Nannochloris sp.	33.47 ± 3.14 µg/g
		Dunaliella tertiolecta	36.1 ± 0.8 attomol/cell
		Euglena cantabrica	71.4 µg/g
		Leptolyngbya sp.	2.6 ± 0.2 mg/g
		Anabaena sp.	35.19 µg/g DW
	Epicatechin	Dunaliella tertiolecta	24.4 ± 0.1 attomol/cell	Anticancer, Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, Cardio-protective, Neuroprotective	[19,29,30]
		Spirulina platensis	27.5 ± 1.3 µg/g
		Porphyra tenera	16.4 ± 0.7 µg/g
		Hizikia fusiformis	8.2 ± 0.1 µg/g
	Epigallocatechin-gallate	Undaria pinnatifida	7.5 ± 0.1 µg/g	Anticancer, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Anti-allergic, Antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, Cardio-protective, Neuroprotective	[32,33]
		Porphyra tenera	4.0 ± 0.1 µg/g
Flavone	Apigenin	Leptolyngbya sp.	0.4 ± 0.02 mg/g	Anticancer, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, anti-arthritis, anti-depressant, anti-inflammatory	[27,34]
	Luteolin-7-glucoside	Diacronema lutheri	0.8 ± 0.06 ng/g	Anticancer, anti-inflammation, anti-allergy and antioxidant	[9,27,35]
		Leptolyngbya sp.	0.4 ± 0.01 mg/g
	Dimethoxyflavon	Phaeodactylum tricornutum	28.38 ± 2.90 µg/g	Anticancer, antifungal	[22,36]
		Tetraselmis suecica	19.01 ± 1.58 µg/g
Isoflavone	Genistein	Phaeodactylum tricornutum	1.42 ± 0.14 ng/g	Anticancer, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Antidiabetic, Cardioprotective	[9,37]
	Daidzein	Phaeodactylum tricornutum	5.9 ± 0.6 ng/g	Anticancer, antidiabetic, Anti-Osteoporosis, anti-aging, antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory	[9,38]
Flavanone	Naringenin	Leptolyngbya sp.	4.1 ± 0.01 mg/g	Anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiadipogenic, anti-diabetic, cardioprotective, eye-protective	[9,12,27]
		Diacronema lutheri	0.60 ± 0.06 ng/g
	Hesperidin	Gracilaria texorii	119000 ± 1800 µg/g	Anticancer, anti-allergic, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory	[25,39]
Flavanonol	Dihydroquercetin	Haematococcus pluvialis	1.6 ± 0.16 ng/g	Anticancer, antioxidant, anti-bacterial	[9,30,40]