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. 2021 Nov 18;22(22):12432. doi: 10.3390/ijms222212432

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Effects of AA treatment on renal pathological alterations assessed by histological examination and fibrosis-related gene expression. (A) Representative images of PAS-stained kidney sections (bar: 50 µm) and the glomerular area in the vehicle-control and AA groups. (B) Representative images of MT-stained kidney sections in the vehicle-control and AA groups (bar: 50 µm). Relative renal mRNA expression of (C) collagen I, (D) collagen III, and (E) TGF-β in the vehicle-control and AA groups. (A,C–E) * p  <  0.05, *** p  <  0.001 compared with the vehicle-control group. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 4–5 per group) and were analyzed using the unpaired Student’s t-test. AA: aristolochic acid; MT: Masson’s trichrome; PAS: periodic acid-Schiff; TGF-β: transforming growth factor-β.