| Cathode: | E° (V vs. NHE, pH = 0) | |
| 2H+ + 2 e− ⇄ H2 | 0.000 | (1) |
| CO2 + 2H+ + 2 e− ⇄ CO + H2O | −0.105 | (2) |
| CO2 + 2H+ + 2 e− ⇄ HCOOH | −0.169 | (3) |
| CO2 + 6H+ + 6 e− ⇄ CH3OH + 6H2O | −0.017 | (4) |
| CO2 + 8H+ + 8 e− ⇄ CH4 + 2H2O | 0.169 | (5) |
| 2CO2 + 10H+ + 10 e− ⇄ CH3CHO + 3H2O | 0.050 | (6) |
| 2CO2 + 12H+ + 12 e− ⇄ C2H5OH + 3H2O | 0.084 | (7) |
| 3CO2 + 16H+ + 16 e− ⇄ CH3(CO)CH3 + 5H2O | −0.140 | (8) |
| 3CO2 + 16H+ + 16 e− ⇄ CH3CH2CHO + 5H2O | 0.140 | (9) |
| 3CO2 + 18H+ + 18 e− ⇄ C3H7OH + 5H2O | 0.099 | (10) |
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