Table 1.
Nurses’ Demographic Data and Differences between Nurses in the Perceived Practice Environment, Person-centeredness, Quality, and Patient Safety.
| Demographic Characteristics | Categories (n, %) | Work Environment Mean (SD) | Person-Centeredness Mean (SD) | Quality of Care Mean (SD) |
Patient Safety Mean (SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nationality | Malaysian (577, 99.0) Non-Malaysian (6, 1.0) |
3.58 (0.43) 3.47 (0.56) |
3.65 (0.39) 3.85 (0.39) |
3.74 (0.56) 3.37 (0.64) |
3.59 (0.59) 3.19 (0.35) |
| Age | <25 years (196, 33.6) 25–30 years (255, 43.7) 31–35 years (71, 12.2) >35 years (61, 10.5) |
3.75 (0.45) 3.56 (0.43) 3.63 (0.39) 3.62 (0.37) |
3.65 (0.43) 3.62 (0.38) 3.67 (0.36) 3.75 (0.35) |
3.70 (0.59) 3.69 (0.57) 3.81 (0.54) 3.91 (0.49) * |
3.63 (0.56) 3.57 (0.59) 3.50 (0.61) 3.61 (0.63) |
| Gender | Male (14, 2.4) Female (569, 97.6) |
3.70 (0.50) 3.58 (0.43) |
3.68 (0.39) 3.65 (0.39) |
3.83 (0.58) 3.73 (0.57) |
3.69 (0.53) 3.58 (0.59) |
| Marital status | Married (264, 45.3) Single (306, 52.5) Others (13, 2.2) |
3.61 (0.42) 3.55 (0.43) 3.49 (0.52) |
3.69 (0.38) *a 3.63 (0.39) 3.44 (0.39) |
3.81 (0.55) **a 3.67 (0.57) 3.63 (0.64) |
3.61 (0.60) 3.57 (0.57) 3.44 (0.70) |
| Race | Malay (350, 60.0) Chinese (126, 21.6) Indian (83, 14.2) Others (24, 4.1) |
3.62 (0.43) **b 3.46 (0.40) 3.57 (0.41) 3.61 (0.48) |
3.66 (0.39) 3.59 (0.40) 3.73 (0.36) 3.64 (0.36) |
3.79 (0.57) **b 3.59 (0.61) 3.71 (0.47) 3.66 (0.45) |
3.66 (0.58) **b 3.44 (0.54) 3.56 (0.54) 3.40 (0.54) |
| Education level | Bachelor’s (60, 10.3) Diploma (493, 84.6) Others (30, 5.1) |
3.49 (0.49) 3.60 (0.42) 3.48 (0.36) |
3.64 (0.34) 3.65 (0.40) 3.75 (0.42) |
3.67 (0.63) 3.73 (0.56) 3.85 (0.45) |
3.54 (0.62) 3.59 (0.59) 3.56 (0.60) |
| Years of experience | 0–5 years (384, 65.9) 6–10 years (108, 18.5) 11–15 years (41, 7.0) >15 years (50, 8.6) |
3.56 (0.43) 3.61 (0.46) 3.66 (0.34) 3.61 (0.38) |
3.63 (0.40) 3.68 (0.38) 3.75 (0.37) 3.72 (0.37) |
3.69 (0.57) 3.77 (0.55) 3.85 (0.59) 3.90 (0.51) * |
3.61 (0.56) 3.55 (0.64) 3.49 (0.67) 3.60 (0.64) |
| Experience in the current ward | <1 year (126, 21.6) 1–5 years (329, 56.4) 6–10 years (88, 15.1) 11–15 years (26, 4.5) >15 years (14, 2.4) |
3.67 (0.43) 3.54 (0.42) 3.59 (0.46) 3.66 (0.30) 3.50 (0.33) |
3.69 (0.39) 3.62 (0.40) 3.67 (0.37) 3.76 (0.41) 3.84 (0.31) |
3.74 (0.59) 3.69 (0.56) 3.84 (0.53) 3.91 (0.61) 3.74 (0.47) |
3.68 (0.59) 3.58 (0.56) 3.53 (0.64) 3.47 (0.62) 3.41 (0.76) |
Notes: *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01. a: Married nurses had a significantly higher mean value than single nurses. b: Malay nurses had a significantly higher mean value than Chinese.