Table 1.

Summary of the most frequent HAIs connected to medical devices and associated microorganisms.

Devices-Associated Infections	Microorganisms	References
CVCBSI	CoNS, S. aureus, MRSA, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, Candida spp.	[45,46,47,48,49,54,65]
CAUTI	E. coli, enterococci, P. mirabilis, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, C. albicans	[15,29,70,71,76,77]
VAP	K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, MRSA, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, Candida spp., A. fumigatus	[15,30,97,99,100,102,103,105,106,109]
SSI associated with (a) Orthopedic implants	S. aureus, CoNS, MRSA, Citrobacter sp. P. aeruginosa, Serratia sp., E. coli, C. albicans	[122,128,132,133,134,135,136]
(b) Cardiovascular devices	MRSA, S. aureus, CoNS, P. aeruginosa, S. galloliticus, HACEK group, C. acnes, Candida spp., Aspergillus spp.	[153,160,161,162,164,165]