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. 2021 Nov 2;13(11):1840. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111840

Table 4.

Antibacterial effects of polymeric AMP coatings.

AMP Coating and Release Surface Antibacterial Activities In Vitro and In Vivo Refs.
Thin layer polymeric coatings
Dhvar 5 and hLf1-11 Chitosan by spin coating Titanium, Gold
  • -

    Chitosan films decreased bacterial adherence in vitro

  • -

    Dhvar5 reduced MRSA adherence by 80%/40% compared to Ti/Ch-Ti

 [151]
CRW Polydopamine coating Silicone
  • -

    Coated catheters completely inhibited E. coli growth in vitro and reduced S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa biofilm formation by 92%

 [154]
HHC-36 Hydrogel-polydopamine coating; 37% burst release in 24 h, sustained release for 20 days Silicone catheter
  • -

    Reduced S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa viability and adherence on Gel-DOPA-AMP and DOPA-AMP hydrogels, respectively **

 [155]
SESB2V Polydopamine coating Titanium
  • -

    Improved scores in S. aureus rabbit cornea infection model **

  • -

    Improved scores in P. aeruginosa rabbit cornea infection model **

 [156]
Polymeric brushes
Tet213 Poly(DMA-co-APMA) copolymer brush Titanium
  • -

    Reduction of adherent P. aeruginosa

 [157]
E6 and Tet20 Poly(DMA-co-APMA) copolymer brush Titanium, polystyrene nanoparticles, quartz
  • -

    Highly effective reduction of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus

  • -

    Potent killing of adherent P. aeruginosa and S. aureus

 [158]
Peptide Block copolymer Pluronic F-127 Silicone
  • -

    Contact killing of S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa, but not S. aureus, was enhanced **

 [159]
Peptide E6 PDMA-co-APMA brush Polyurethane
  • -

    Prevented in vitro adherence of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and S. saprophyticus by 99% **

  • -

    Prevented infection in murine UTI model by reducing bacterial adherence to the catheter by 4 logs **

  • -

    Reduced bacterial counts in the urine by nearly 3 logs **

 [149]
CysLasio-III Allyl glycidyl ether and PEG coupling Catheter
  • -

    2-log reduction in E coli and E. faecalis viability **

  • -

    60% and 40% reduction in E faecalis and E. coli biofilm formation **

  • -

    Reduced hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity

 [160]
Chain201D Tetra(ethylene) glycol-terminated self-assembled monolayers Gold
  • -

    Chain201D-coated surfaces killed up to 79% of the adherent E. coli and S. aureus, while peptide-coated surface killed 31%

 [148]
hLf1-11 Silanization vs brush of DMA-APMA copolymer prepared by SI-ATRP Titanium
  • -

    Reduced adherence of Streptococcus sanguis/Lactobacillus salivarius by 16%/30%

  • -

    70% inhibition of S. sanguis and 66% of L. salivarius viability

  • -

    >50% reduction on biofilm formation (both species)

 [161]
D-GL13K Engineered protein polymers (brush) Titanium
  • -

    90% reduced S. gordoni and P. gingivalis biofilm formation for 6 days

  • -

    Increased percentage of dead bacteria **

 [162]
Layer-by-layer coatings
Ponericin G1 Sequential deposition of poly beta amino ester/polyanion/ponericin G1/polyanion; release up to 10 days Silicone catheters
  • -

    Complete inhibition of S. aureus adherence in vitro

 [163]
β-peptide
(ACHC-β3hVal-β3hLys)3 		~700 nm thick multilayer PGA PLL coating; release over 4 months Catheter
  • -

    Killed 99.9% of the planktonic C. albicans and reduced C. albicans biofilm formation by 83% in vitro **

 [164]
HHC-36 3-layered system; AMP in each layer; burst release, then steady release up to 5 days Titanium
  • -

    Highly effective against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa in vitro

 [165]
Tet213 Multilayered peptide-functionalized collagen; AMP released over at least 28 days Titanium
  • -

    Bactericidal activity against planktonic P. gingivalis and S. aureus in vitro

 [26]
OP-145 PLEX; two layers; In 48 h, 55% release, then 1% daily release for 30 days Titanium-aluminum (7%)-niobium (6%)
  • -

    Significantly more culture-negative nails in a rabbit intramedullary nail-related infection model after 28 days

  • -

    67% and 80% more culture-negative bone and soft tissue samples

 [25]
SAAP-145 PLEX; 5 layers; initial burst >50%, constant release of 0.6% daily up to day 30 Titanium
  • -

    >50% reduced number of mouse culture-positive subcutaneous titanium implants

  • -

    3-log reduction in S. aureus on implants and peri-implant tissue

  • -

    3-log reduction in doxycycline-resistant S. aureus on implants

 [166]
SAAP-276 PLEX; 5 layers; initial burst >50%, constant release of 0.6% daily up to day 30 Titanium
  • -

    >50% reduced number of mouse culture-positive subcutaneous titanium implants

  • -

    3- and 1.5-log reduction in S. aureus on implants and peri-implant tissue

  • -

    3- and 1-log reduction in doxycycline-resistant S. aureus on implants/peri-implant tissue

 [166]

Acronyms: AMP = antimicrobial peptide, BPTCS = 3-bromopropyl trichlorosilane, DMA-APMA = poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide-co-N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride), PEG = polyethylene glycol, PGA PLL = poly-L-glutamic acid poly-L-lysine, PLEX = polymer-lipid encapsulation matrix, SI-ATRP = surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization; ** compared to nonloaded coatings or no treatment.