Table 4.
Chemical, functional and color proprieties of the two sunflower oilcakes.
| Parameters | SFOC/PE | SFOC/C |
|---|---|---|
| PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES | ||
| Moisture (%) | 8.75 ± 0.10 a | 8.93 ± 0.11 a |
| Dry matter (%) | 91.25 ± 0.10 a | 91.07 ± 0.11 a |
| Proteins (%) | 20.15 ± 1.57 a | 21.60 ± 1.87 a |
| Fat (%) | 15.77 ± 0.45 a | 14.16 ± 0.04 b |
| Ash (%) | 4.56 ± 0.11 b | 6.15 ± 0.04 a |
| Crude fiber (%) | 31.88 ± 0.79 a | 12.64 ± 0.05 b |
| Carbohydrates (%) | 18.89 ± 0.23 a | 36.52 ± 1.11 b |
| FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES | ||
| Bulk density (g/mL) | 0.4196 ± 0.002 a | 0.4204 ± 0.001 a |
| WHC (g/g) | 2.58 ± 0.11 a | 2.33 ± 0.07 b |
| OHC (g/g) | 1.34 ± 0.13 a | 1.18 ± 0.08 a |
| WRC (g/g) | 4.67 ± 0.04 a | 5.51 ± 0.06 a |
| SC (%) | 3.56 ± 0.06 a | 3.19 ± 0.17 a |
| EC (%) | 32.17 ± 1.15 a | 30.62 ± 2.14 a |
| ES (%) | 29.87 ± 1.24 a | 27.92 ± 0.57 a |
| COLOUR PROPERTIES | ||
| L* | 42.23 ± 0.01 b | 46.29 ± 0.01 a |
| a* | 1.17 ± 0.01 b | 1.57 ± 0.01 a |
| b* | 6.11 ± 0.01 b | 8.90 ± 0.01 a |
SFOC/PE—sunflower oilcakes in pellets form; SFOC/C—sunflower oilcake in the form of cake; WHC—water holding capacity; OHC—oil holding capacity; WRC—water retention capacity; SC—swelling capacity, EC—emulsion capacity; ES—emulsion stability; L*—lightness; a*—redness; b*—yellowness. For difference assessment was performed Student t-test. Values followed by a, b are statistically different at 95% confidence level.