Table 4.
In vivo assessment of toxicokinetics and toxicity of modified forms of ZEN.
| Tested Animals | Tested Toxins | Exposure Type | DOSE | Main Observations | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pigs | ZEN-14G ZEN-14S |
Intravenously/orally | 500 μg/kg BW for ZEN-14G 415 μg/kg BW for ZEN-14S |
ZEN-14G may hydrolyse in the circulatory system. ZEN-14G and ZEN-14S are fully hydrolysed within the GI tract |
[132] |
| ZEN-14G ZEN-14S |
Orally | 15.1 µg/kg BW for ZEN-14G 12.5 µg/kg BW for ZEN-14S |
No detectable quantities of tested toxins were found in urine or faeces | [135] | |
| Rats | α-ZOL α-ZOL-14G |
Intravenously/orally | 0.5 mg/kg BW for α-ZOL 0.75 mg/kg BW for α-ZOL-14G |
Efficient conversion of α-ZOL-14G into ZEN. Low bioavailability of oral α-ZOL and α-ZOL-14G after oral administration |
[133] |
|
Caenorhabditis elegans
( nematodes) |
ZEN ZEN-14S |
Medium culture containing mycotoxins | ZEN: 24; 228 (µM) ZEN-14S: 19; 95 (µM) |
Comparable reduction in the offspring number of nematodes by ZEN and ZEN-14S |
[136] |