Table 3.
Summary of findings and quality of evidence (GRADE) for Cr.
| No. of Studies | Study Design | Risk of Bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Outcome | Number of Subjects with Cr | Number of Subjects with Pl | Absolute Effect(95% CI) | Quality of Evidence (GRADE) | Importance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | RCT | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | Extremely serious a | Upper-body Strength | 68 | 74 | SMD 0.35 (0.02 –0.69) |
⨁⨁◯◯ LOW |
Critical |
| 7 | RCT | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | Extremely serious a | Lower-body Strength | 75 | 76 | SMD 0.22 (−0.10–0.55) |
⨁⨁◯◯ LOW |
Critical |
| 6 | RCT | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | Extremely serious a | Muscle Mass | 70 | 66 | SMD 0.24 (−0.10–0.59) |
⨁⨁◯◯ LOW |
Important |
CI, confidence interval; RCT, randomized clinical trial; SMD, standard mean difference; Cr, creatine supplementation; Pl, placebo. ⨁⨁◯◯ = low quality of evidence. a = wide confidence intervals and sample sizes lower than 300.