Table 2.
Detailed description of the acupuncture treatment.
| First Author, Year (Location) |
Acupuncture Point | Depth of Insertion | Needle Stimulation, Electrical Stimulation |
Needle Retention Time | Treatment Frequency, Total Number of Treatment Session |
Duration of Treatment Sessions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electroacupuncture + Conventional drug therapy | ||||||
| Chen 2012 [14] (China) |
GV20, EX-HN1, EX-HN3 | NR | 2 Hz frequency | 1 h | 3 times a week, 18 total sessions |
6 weeks |
| Gu 2013 [48] (China) |
Bilateral anterior parietal-temporal oblique lines (motor areas) GB20, LI11, LI4, LR3, KI3, GB34 |
NR | 2 Hz frequency, The strength the patient can tolerate |
20 min | 3 times a week, 36 total sessions |
12 weeks |
| Huang 2009 [46] (China) |
MS6, MS4, MS8, MS9, MS14 | NR | Continuous waves, 100 Hz frequency, 2−4 mA | 30 min | 6 times a week, 30 total sessions |
5 weeks |
| Lei 2016 [36] (USA) |
Foot motor sensory area, balance area, GV20, GV14, LI4, ST36, GB34, BL40, SP6, KI3, LR3 | NR | Amplitude (intensity) 3.5 and 4.5, Frequency 100 Hz or 4 Hz |
30 min | Once a week, 3 total sessions |
3 weeks |
| Liu 2016 [49] (China) |
Anterior parietal and temporal oblique lines (motor areas) on both sides, LR3, KI3, LI11, GB20, GB34, LI4 |
NR | 2 Hz frequency, The strength the patient can tolerate |
20 min | Three times a week, 36 total sessions |
12 weeks |
| Wang 2015 [40] (China) |
Bilateral GB20, LI4, Central Du14, Du16 |
2−2.5 cm | Pulses of 9 V, 1 A, 9 W, 100 Hz | 30 min | Once every three days, 20 total sessions |
2 months |
| Xu 2020 [42] (China) |
GV17, GB19, Sishenzhen, and temporal three-needle | 0.8−1.5 cm | Twisting, lifting and thrusting, continuous waves at alternating low 100 Hz frequency |
30 min | Four days per week, 32 total sessions |
8 weeks |
| MA + Conventional drug therapy | ||||||
| Cho 2012 [41] (Korea) |
Bilateral GB20, LI11, GB34, ST36, LR3 | 1.0−1.5 cm | Twisting at 2 Hz for 10 s | 20 min | Twice a week, 16 total sessions |
8 weeks |
| Jung 2006 [15] (Korea) |
Bilateral LR3, GB34 | NR | None | 15 min | Twice a week, 8 total sessions |
4weeks |
| Kluger 2016 [43] (USA) |
GV20, GV24, CV6, Bilateral LI10, HT7, ST36, SP6 |
0.5−1 cm | Twisting three times in a clockwise direction | 30 min | Twice a week (at least one day apart), 12 total sessions |
6 weeks |
| Kong 2017 [37] (Singapore) |
Bilateral PC6, LI4, ST36, SP6, KI3, CV6 |
0.5−1 inch | None | 20 min | Twice a week (at least three days apart), 10 total sessions |
5 weeks |
| Li 2018 [38] (China) |
DU20, Bilateral GB20, Chorea-Tremor Controlled Zone | 2−3 cm | Twist every 10 min | 30 min | Twice a week, 24 total sessions |
12 weeks |
| Lu 2020 [50] (China) |
LR3, LR2, LR8, KI3, KI7, KI10, SP6, ST36, LI11, PC6, LI4 | 20−30 mm | After 15 min, the needle is lifted, inserted, and twisted once | 30 min | Once a day, 28 total sessions |
28 days |
| Mizushima 2011 [44] (Japan) |
Individualized point according to meridian diagnosis | Individualized depth | Individualized way according to diagnosis | NR | Two to four times a month, NR |
5 years |
| Park 2007 [45] (Korea) |
One side LR3, GB34, ST36 | NR | None | 15 min | Twice a week, 8 total sessions |
4 weeks |
| Ren 2011 [47] (China) |
Bilateral BL18, BL23, GB20, LI11, LI4, GB34, KI3, LR3 | NR | Flattening and relieving | 30 min | Once a day, 30 total sessions |
30 days |
| BVA + Conventional drug therapy | ||||||
| Cho 2012 [41] (Korea) |
Bilateral GB20, LI11, GB34, ST36, LR3 | NR | 0.1 mL BEEV diluted to 0.005% in distilled water | - | Twice a week, 16 total sessions |
8 weeks |
| Hartmann 2016 [39] (France) |
NR | s.c | BEEV (Alyostal® 100 μg in 1 mL of NaCl 0.9%) | - | Once a month, 11 total sessions |
11 months |
NR, Not reported; SC, subcutaneous; The control group, including the placebo acupuncture group, received the same frequency and total number of acupuncture treatments as the treatment group.