Table 1.

A brief summary of current technologies of customized MEA for CMs.

Description	Cell Source	Patterns Description	MEA Platform and Electrode Materials	Electrode Arrangement	Ref.
Study the activity-dependent intracellular dynamics in reconstituted neuron networks	Neuron	Single directed axon isolated by microfluidic device	Pt electrode on custom MEA	In the target chambers	Moutaux et al. [31]
Propose a design of organized neuron network with directed connectivity	Neuron	Unidirectional axon growth in microchambers with various shapes	Ti electrode on commercial MEA	In segments of microchambers	Gladkov et al. [32]
Design neuronal circuits with various topologies	Neuron	Neuron bodies in microwell and neurites in microgroove	TiN electrode on commercial MEA	In microwell	Joo et al. [28]
Describe a microfluidic device to measure FP from a single CM	CM	Single CM trapped in microfluidic device	Pt electrode on custom MEA	In microchambers	Werdich et al. [26]
Describe a microchamber to isolate single CM with electrical stimulation in small volumes	CM	Single isolated CM cell in each microchannel	Au electrode on custom MEA	Stimulation and reference electrodes in each microchamber	Klauke et al. [27]
Enable measurement of extracellular FP of a single CM	CM	Single CM individually seeded in hollow microchambers	ITO electrode on custom MEA	In each microchamber	Kaneko et al. [12]
Enable measurement of conductivity, viscosity and refractory period of CMs	CM	A monolayer CM with long path on the surface modified by PEG and fibronectin	Ti electrode on commercial MEA	In the start and end positions of path	Natarajan et al. [25]
Develop multi-well MEA plates with nanotopographic patterns	CM /Neuron	Aligned cells along the topographic nanogrooves	Custom MEA	Electrode matrix in each well	Smith et al. [29]
Study the electrical activity of iCMs on aligned fibers	CM	Anisotropic iCMs on the surface modified by electrospun aligned fiber	Ti electrode on commercial MEA	/	Li et al. [30]
Investigate the physical and protein cues to engineer aligned iCMs	CM	Anisotropic monolayer of iCMs along the direction of printed proteins and microgrooves	Ti electrode on commercial MEA	/	Alassaf et al. [13]
Study the coupling dynamics of a controlled network of rCM and fibroblast connections	CM /Fibroblast	Three individual rCM clusters and connected fibroblast bridges patterned by topographic features and mobile blockers	Au electrode on custom MEA	In CM clusters and fibroblast connection pathway	This paper