Table 2.
Within-person ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test.
| Within-Person ANOVA Mean (95% CI for Mean) |
Bonferroni Post Hoc Test Mean Difference (95% CI for Mean Difference) Cohen’s d Effect Size |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 6 Months | 12 Months | F (p) | Baseline—6 Months | Baseline—12 Months | 6–12 Months | |
| Monthly headache frequency | 21.3 | 10.3 | 9.6 | 30.5 | 11 | 11.7 | 0.7 |
| (18.5; 24.1) | (7.1; 13.5) | (6.1; 13.1) | (p < 0.001) | (6.8; 15.2) *** | (7.3; 16.1) *** | (−3.4; 4.8) | |
| ES: 1.39 | ES: 1.48 | ||||||
| Monthly medication intake | 7.2 | 2 | 2.1 | 18.7 | 5.2 | 5.1 | −0.1 |
| (4.8; 9.7) | (1.2; 2.9) | (0.9; 3.3) | (p < 0.001) | (2.4; 8.0) *** | (2.3; 8.0) *** | (−1.5; 1.4) | |
| ES: 0.75 | ES: 0.74 | ||||||
| PedMIDAS | 58.9 | 36.3 | 45.2 | 3.8 | 22.6 | 13.6 | −9.0 |
| (46.3; 71.5) | (20.1; 52.5) | (28.7; 61.8) | (p = 0.027) | (2.5–42.7) * | (−8.9; 36.2) | (−28.6; 10.7) | |
| ES: 0.60 | |||||||
| STAI-State anxiety | 32.8 | 31.5 | 32.5 | 0.8 | – | – | – |
| (31.1; 34.5) | (29.8; 33.3) | (30.6; 34.5) | (p = 0.447) | ||||
| STAI-Trait anxiety | 39.3 | 35.6 | 36.2 | 5.1 | 3.7 | 3.1 | −0.6 |
| (36.9; 41.7) | (33.6; 37.6) | (34.0; 38.4) | (p = 0.009) | (0.2; 7.2) * | (−0.3; 6.4) | (−3.1; 1.8) | |
| ES: 0.56 | |||||||
| CDI | 13.2 | 9.2 | 10.7 | 9.5 | 4 | 2.5 | −1.5 |
| (10.9; 15.4) | (7.2; 11.2) | (8.5; 12.9) | (p < 0.001) | (1.5; 6.4) ** | (0.0; 4.9) * | (−3.6; 0.5) | |
| ES: 0.60 | ES: 0.37 | ||||||
| PCS total score | 27.8 | 19.2 | 16.9 | 23.6 | 8.6 | 10.9 | 2.3 |
| (24.9; 30.7) | (16.1; 22.4) | (13.5; 20.3) | (p < 0.001) | (3.9; 13.3) *** | (6.3; 15.5) *** | (−0.9; 5.5) | |
| ES: 1.06 | ES: 1.35 | ||||||
| PCS–Helplessness | 12.7 | 7.8 | 7.5 | 23.6 | 4.8 | 5.2 | 0.4 |
| (11.1; 14.3) | (6.4; 9.3) | (5.9; 9.1) | (p < 0.001) | (2.4; 7.3) *** | (2.8; 7.7) *** | (−0.9; 1.6) | |
| ES: 1.04 | ES: 1.13 | ||||||
| PCS–Rumination | 12.6 | 8.9 | 7.5 | 21.4 | 3.7 | 5.1 | 1.4 |
| (11.1; 14.1) | (7.5; 10.4) | (5.9; 9.1) | (p < 0.001) | (1.5; 5.8) *** | (2.9; 7.3) *** | (−0.3; 3.1) | |
| ES: 0.90 | ES: 1.24 | ||||||
| PCS–Magnification | 2.5 | 2 | 1.6 | 5.1 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.4 |
| (1.9; 3.2) | (1.4; 2.6) | (1.1; 2.2) | (p = 0.009) | (−0.2; 1.3) | (0.1: 1.7) * | (−0.2; 1.0) | |
| ES: 0.50 | |||||||
| CBI | 7.3 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 1.2 | – | – | – |
| (3.9; 10.7) | (1.9; 8.7) | (1.8; 9.1) | (p = 0.311) | ||||
Notes: PedMIDAS, Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment; STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; CDI, Kovacs’s Children’s Depression Inventory; PCS, Pain Catastrophizing Scale; CBI, Caregiver’s Burden Inventory; 95% CI, 95% Confidence Interval; ES, Effect Size. For Bonferroni post-hoc analysis, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.