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Activation of the IFN–JAK–STAT pathway by RT and IOs. DSDBs: double-strand DNA breaks; sncRNAs: small endogenous non-coding RNAs; DAMPs: damage-associated molecular patterns; IRF1 and IRF9: IFN-regulatory factor 1 and 9; ISGs: interferon-stimulated genes; ISFG3: ISG factor 3; PTPs: protein tyrosine phosphatases; SOCS: suppressor of cytokine signaling; PIAS: protein inhibitor of activated STAT proteins.
