Table 4.

Emerging lipid nanovesicular carriers for skin drug delivery.

Emerging Lipid Vesicles	Description	Reference
Niosomes	Nonionic surfactant and cholesterol (or its derivatives)—based vesicle with improved stability (especially oxidative stability).	[105,106]
Cubosomes	Submicron, nanostructured particles, composed of bicontinuous cubic liquid crystalline phase.	[107,108,109]
Hexosomes	Constructed of hexagonal liquid crystalline phases dispersed in a continuous aqueous medium.	[110]
Aquasomes	Self-assembled nanovesicles, composed of three layers.	[111]
Colloidosomes	Hollow shell microcapsules composed of coagulated particles.	[112]
Sphingosomes	Contained sphingolipids such as sphingosine, ceramide, sphingomyelin or glycosphingolipid; and are concentric, bilayered nanovesicles with an acidic pH inside.	[113]
Ufasomes	Lipid carriers attach to the surface of the skin and support the lipid exchange between the outermost layers of the SC.	[114,115]
Archeosomes	Consisted of archebacteria lipids, chemically distinct from eukaryotic and prokaryotic species. Less sensitive to high temperature, alkaline pH, and oxidative stress.	[116,117]
Lipoplexes	Cationic lipid-DNA complexes. Efficient carriers for cell transfection. Toxic effects arising from either cationic lipids or nucleic acids.	[118]
Proliposomes	Dry, free-flowing particles that immediately form a liposomal dispersion in contact with water.	[119,120]