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A smart polymer coating repeatedly switches between the attacking function (cationic ring (CB-ring), to kill bacteria under dry conditions) and defending function (zwitterionic carboxy betaine (CB-OH), to release and resist bacteria under wet conditions). CB-Ring can be hydrolyzed to CB-OH in neutral or basic aqueous solutions and can be regenerated by dipping CB-OH in acidic media. Reprinted with permission from ref. [203]. Copyright 2012 Wiley.
