Table 1.

Topology and a Brief Description of CVDs

Disease Name	Pathological Mechanism	Risk Factors	References
Coronary heart disease or coronary artery disease	Narrowing of coronary arteries due to fatty deposits, which limits blood flow to cardiac myocytes.	Atherosclerosis, unhealthy food, lack of exercise, and smoking	[101,104]
Cerebrovascular disease	Brain cells do not get enough oxygen and ischemic stroke or embolism may result	Comorbidities (Hypertension, Obesity, Diabetes mellitus, Hypercholesterolemia), poor diet, tobacco usage	[72]
Rheumatic heart disease	Damage of heart valves due to rheumatic fever	Untreated streptococcal infections	[87]
Congenital heart disease	Defect present at birth in hearts walls, valves, and blood vessel in the supply of blood to the heart and whole body	Alcohol abuse, smoking, chromosomal defects	[104]