Table 4.
Prenatal social disadvantage index (PNSDI) 1-stratified results of multivariable linear regression analyses (difference in scaled scores associated with a twofold increase in exposure and 95% CI) 2 assessing the relation of prenatal exposure to a five-chemical mixture with Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System inhibition scaled scores among adolescents in the main analysis group 3.
| Design Fluency Total Correct Scaled Score | Color–Word Interference Completion Time Scaled Score | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure | PNSDI < 3 Difference (95% CI) |
PNSDI ≥ 3 Difference (95% CI) |
p 4 | PNSDI < 3 Difference (95% CI) |
PNSDI ≥ 3 Difference (95% CI) |
p 4 |
| Log2 DDE | −0.07 (−0.48, 0.35) | −0.03 (−0.60, 0.53) | 0.5 | 0.26 (−0.12, 0.64) | −0.18 (−0.79, 0.43) | 0.3 |
| Log2 HCB | 0.31 (−0.09, 0.72) | −0.57 (−1.13, 0.00) | 0.01 * | −0.01 (−0.43, 0.42) | −0.26 (−0.86, 0.34) | 0.2 |
| Log2 ΣPCB4 | −0.23 (−0.63, 0.17) | 0.21 (−0.47, 0.90) | 0.2 | −0.40 (−0.82, 0.01) | 0.15 (−0.52, 0.83) | 0.2 |
| Log2 Pb | −0.32 (−0.73, 0.08) | 0.27 (−0.26, 0.80) | 0.1 | 0.01 (−0.40, 0.43) | 0.07 (−0.51, 0.65) | 1.0 |
| Log2 Mn | 1.28 (0.12, 2.45) * | 1.26 (−1.34, 3.87) | 1.0 | −0.76 (−1.52, 0.00) | −0.69 (−1.76, 0.39) | 0.9 |
| Log2 Mn2 | 0.44 (−0.77, 1.65) | −2.00 (−4.29, 0.30) | 0.1 | |||
| Log2 DDE Log2 Mn | 0.47 (−0.14, 1.08) | 0.81 (−0.38, 1.99) | 0.8 | |||
| Log2 DDE Log2 Mn2 | 0.39 (−0.36, 1.15) | −0.24 (−1.30, 0.82) | 0.4 | |||
1 Prenatal social disadvantage index (PNSDI) was constructed as the sum of five adverse social or economic exposures at the time of the child’s birth where presence of each risk factor was assigned a value of 1, absence a value of 0: mother unmarried, mother’s education as high school graduate or less, father’s education as high school graduate or less, annual household income less than USD 20,000, and mother’s age at birth less than 20 years. 2 Exposures have been log2-transformed and models have been adjusted for all listed exposures, child race, sex, age at exam, year of birth, and HOME score; maternal marital status at child’s birth, IQ, seafood consumption during pregnancy, and smoking during pregnancy; maternal and paternal education and annual household income at child’s birth; study examiner. 3 Main analysis group: complete inhibition outcome, covariate and exposure data for DDE, HCB, ΣPCB4, Pb, and Mn, n = 373. Total n = 373; PNSDI < 3 n= 241; PNSDI ≥ 3 n = 132. 4 p-value for chemical-PNSDI interaction term included in multivariable linear regression model. * p < 0.05. Abbreviations: DDE: dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene; HCB: hexachlorobenzene; ΣPCB4: sum of 4 PCB congeners (118, 138, 153, 180); Pb: lead; Mn: manganese.