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CRAB C1 membrane destruction caused by PapMA analogs. The concentration dependent depolarization of (A) intact CRAB C1 and its (B) spheroplast induced by PapMA and its analogs, determined using the membrane potential-sensitive fluorescent dye diSC3-5. Dye release was monitored by measuring fluorescence, at an excitation wavelength of 654 nm and an emission wavelength of 670 nm.
