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Cytotoxicity of PapMA-3 (A) Cytotoxicity of PapMA-3 against HEK-293 cells at 24 h and 48 h. (B) Cytotoxicity of PapMA-3 against HaCaT cell at 24 h and 48 h. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s comparison test. The values are expressed as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments and are statistically significant at * p < 0.05; *** p < 0.001; ns, not significant.
