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. 2021 Nov 18;12(11):1813. doi: 10.3390/genes12111813

Table 1.

Clinical and laboratory characteristics among the groups of the study.

Variable Group A NAFLD/NASH without Suspicion of Advanced Fibrosis (F1–F2, TE < 8 kPa), n = 60 Group B NAFLD/NASH with Suspicion of Advanced Fibrosis (F3–F4, TE ≥ 8 kPa), n = 40 Group 3
Control
N = 100		 p Value
Sex
male 39 (65%) 30 (75%) 64 (64%) 0.441
female 21 (35%) 10 (25%) 36 (36%)
History of diabetes mellitus 0.00 **
positive 49 (81.7%) 34 (85%) 42 (42%)
negative 11 (18.3%) 6 (15%) 58 (58%)
Body mass index (kg/m2) BMI 35.5 ± 5.1 33.7 ± 6.7 25.9 ± 3.3 a 0.00 **
b 0.00 **
c 0.134
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) 298.18 ± 59.6 289.4 ± 60.1 189 ± 85.9 a 0.00 **
b 0.00 **
c 0.545
LDLc (mg/dL) 209.9 ± 49.5 199 ± 60.4 136.18 ± 66.3 a 0.001 **
b 0.00 **
c 0.386
HDLc (mg/dL) 30.8.5 ± 9.09 27.6 ± 6.5 50.43 ± 20.8 a 0.00 **
b 0.00 **
c 0.328
Total triglycerides (mg/dL) 270.3 ± 77.6 298.15 ± 58.4 179.7 ± 90.7 a 0.00 **
b 0.00 **
c 0.106
albumin creatinine ratio 25.07 ± 4.2 23.5 ± 5.01 20.2 ± 6.9 a 0.00 **
b 0.00 **
c 0.207
AST (IU/L) 71.2 ± 36.9 70.6 ± 41.2 51 ± 19.7 a 0.00 **
b 0.002 **
c 0.993
ALT (IU/L) 46.3 ± 25.2 59.7 ± 44.8 34.3 ± 16.4 a 0.00 **
b 0.007 **
c 0.012 *
Total bilirubin(mg/dL) 2.6 ± 0.9 3 ± 0.8 1.5 ± 1.2 a 0.00 **
b 0.00 **
c 0.057
Direct bilirubin (mg/dL) 1.5 ± 0.66 1.7 ± 0.69 0.88 ± 0.39 a 0.00 **
b 0.00 **
c 0.022 *
Albumin(g/dL) 2.5 ± 0.5 2.4 ± 039 3.23 ± 0.3 a 0.00 **
b 0.00 **
c 0.065
Gamma glutammyl transferase (IU/L) 57.8 ± 39.9 65.6 ± 31.3 22.3 ± 21.7 a 0.00 **
b 0.00 **
c 0.243
Alpha fetoprotein 180.5.9 ± 439 359 ± 433 18.0 ± 31.27 a 0.004 **
b 0.00 **
c 0.012 *
Fasting blood glucose(mg/dL) 207.5 ± 83.3 179.3 ± 83.5 151.0 ± 87 a 0.000 *
b 0.106
c 0.194
Glycated hemoglobin HbA1c (%) 7.07 ± 1.09 7.8 ± 2.01 6.5 ± 2.7 a 0.27
b 0.008 **
c 0.000 *
HOMA IR 12.66 ± 7.9 19.3 ± 6.8 5.0 ± 6.1 a 0.000 **
b 0.00 **
c 0.000 *
NAFLD Score --- --
NAFLD Score < −1.455 = F0–F2 27 (45%) 0 (0%)
NAFLD Score −1.455 − 0.675 33 (65%) 2 (5%)
NAFLD Score > 0.675 = F3–F4 0 (0%) 38 (95%)
Fibrosis score --- ---
F0 to F1 Mild liver scaring 34 (56.7%) 0 (0%)
F2: Moderate liver scarring 26 (46.3%) 0 (0%)
F3: Severe liver scarring 0 (0%) 29 (72.5%)
F4: Advanced liver scarring (cirrhosis) 0 (0%) 11 (27.5%)
steatosis grading
S1 mild steatosis 15 (25%) 0 (0%)
S2 moderate steatosis 21 (35%) 4 (10%)
S3 severe steatosis 5 (8.3%) 36 (90%)
S4 non steatosis 19 (31.7%) 0 (0%)

One way ANOVA test with post Hoc Turkey test was performed to assess the differences among the study groups. Abbreviation: AST = aspartate transaminase, ALT = alanine transaminase, BMI = body mass index, FBS = fasting blood sugar, GGT = Gamma glutamyl transferase, HDL-C = high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C = low density lipoprotein cholesterol, TE =Transient elastography, Kpa = kilopascal a control vs. Group A, b control vs. Group B, c Group A vs. Group B ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05.