Table 4.

Outcomes.

Study	Cardio-Respiratory System	Central Nervous System	Psychological/Behavioral Outcome	Statistical Analyses	Power Analysis
Simon et al., 2014	Not investigated	Dampening of BOLD amygdala hyperactivity	Only OCD-related and aversive stimuli were rated less unpleasant during distraction	Repeated measures ANOVA with a Greenhouse–Geisser correction when sphericity was violated	Not reported
Bhatnagar et al., 2013	Increased pNN50 measure of HRV	Not investigated	PTSD symptoms had decreased from baseline by an overall CAPS score of 14.8 points	Not reported	Not reported
Kang et al., 2018	Not investigated	Increased low-frequency bands (1–7 Hz) of EEG spectral power at post-treatment and follow-up and only during meditation states	Reductions in PTSD symptoms, experiential avoidance, and depressive and somatic symptoms, as well as increases in measures of mindfulness and quality of life	Repeated measures ANOVA with a Hyunh-Feldt correction when sphericity was violated	Not reported
King et al., 2016	Not investigated	Increased DMN rsFC with DLPFC and dorsal ACC regions following MBET	Reduction in PTSD symptoms; PCC-DLPFC correlated with improvement in PTSD avoidant and hyperarousal symptoms	Paired-sample t-test comparisons	Not reported
Williams et al., 2020	Not investigated	EEG pre- and post- treatment (protocol only)	Mindfulness, Self-compassion, Pain catastrophizing and Pain acceptance measures (protocol only)	ANOVA (protocol only)	N = 240 to have at least 80% power, even at the largest standard deviation when using ANOVA
Wahbeh et al., 2016	No change in HR and HRV within and between groups	Lower awakening cortisol within MM group	Subjective hyperarousal symptoms improvement within-group (but not between groups) for MM, MM+SB, and SQ; Intrusive thoughts decreased in MM compared with MM + SB and SB	Paired t-test; ANCOVA	N = 25 in each group, for the main effects of ANCOVA the adjusted effect size (f) is 0.46, which yields power of >0.99