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. 2021 Oct 28;8(11):141. doi: 10.3390/jcdd8110141

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(a) 22-year-old professional male endurance athlete (swimmer) with regular high training volumes and a new onset of high-grade arrhythmia. Enlarged proximal but smaller mid and distal RCA (upper) and LAD (lower panel) segments (“athlete’s artery”). Quantitative CTA (right) included sizing of RCA and LAD dimensions at 3 sites (proximal, mid and distal) using curved multiplanar reformations (cMPR). Both vessel area (mm²) and 2 diameters (mm) were taken. Left panels show volume rendering technique (VRT). CX = circumflex artery. (b) 3D Quantification of vessel volumes (mm³) for the RCA, LAD and CX by using a computational fluid modelling (CFD) software (Heartflow, Inc. Redwood, CA, USA) in another patient.

(a) 22-year-old professional male endurance athlete (swimmer) with regular high training volumes and a new onset of high-grade arrhythmia. Enlarged proximal but smaller mid and distal RCA (upper) and LAD (lower panel) segments (“athlete’s artery”). Quantitative CTA (right) included sizing of RCA and LAD dimensions at 3 sites (proximal, mid and distal) using curved multiplanar reformations (cMPR). Both vessel area (mm²) and 2 diameters (mm) were taken. Left panels show volume rendering technique (VRT). CX = circumflex artery. (b) 3D Quantification of vessel volumes (mm³) for the RCA, LAD and CX by using a computational fluid modelling (CFD) software (Heartflow, Inc. Redwood, CA, USA) in another patient.