Table 3.
Examples of antimicrobial activity of latex bearing plants.
| Latex-Bearing Plant Species | Examined Bacteria | Examined Fungi | Bioactive Compounds | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aloe harlana Reynolds |
Bacillus pumilus (82) Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) Escherichia coli (CD/99/1, K88, K99, LT37, ROW 7/12, 3:37C, 306, 872) Salmonella typhi (Ty2) Shigella boydii (D13629) Shigella dysentery 1 Shigella dysentery 8 Shigella flexneri (Type 6) Shigella sonnei 1 Staphylococcus aureus (ML267) Vibrio cholerae (85, 293, 1313, 1315) |
Aspergillus niger (ATCC 6275) Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) Penicillium funiculosum (NCTC 287) Penicillium notatum (ATCC 11625) |
Anthrone (aloin) Chromone (7-O-methylaloeresin A) |
[133] |
| Aloe weloensis Sebsebe |
Enterococcus faecalis
Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus |
- | Alkaloids Anthraquinone Flavonoids Glycosides Tannins Terpenoids |
[134] |
|
Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. |
Bacillus subtilis Klebsiella Pneumoniae Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) Streptococcus haemolyticus Salmonella typhi |
Aspergillus niger
Candida albicans |
48-kDa protease (AMP48) | [135,136] |
| Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T.Aiton |
Bacillus cereus
Bacillus subtilis Escherichia coli Klebsiella Pneumoniae Pseudomonas aeruginosa Salmonella typhi Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Streptococcus haemolyticus Streptococcus pneumoniae |
Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus niger Candida albicans Candida tropicalis Penicillium chrysogenum Saccharomyces cereviciae |
- | [137] |
| Calotropis gigantea L. |
Bacillus cereus
Escherichia coli Lactobacillus acidophilus Micrococcus luteus Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus mutans |
Candida krusei | Alkaloids Phenolic Steroids Terpenes Cardiac glycoside |
[138,139] |
| Carica papaya L. |
Bacillus subtilis
Klebsiella Pneumoniae Streptococcus haemolyticus Salmonella typhi |
Aspergillus niger
Candida albicans |
- | [136] |
| Chelidonium majus L. |
Aeromonas hydrophila
Agrobacterium tumefacians Bacillus cereus Bacillus subtilis Candida albicans Escherichia coli Micrococcus luteus Mycobacterium phlei Salmonella enteritidis Sarcina lutea Staphylococcus aureus |
Candida albicans | [127,128,129,130] | |
| Euphorbia heterophylla L. |
Bacillus subtilis
Proteus vulgaris Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus |
Aspergillus niger
Fusarium oxysporum Penicillium sp. |
Alkaloids Flavonoids Phenols Saponins Steroids Tannins |
[140] |
| Ficus carica L. |
Enterobacter cloacae Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) Escherichia coli Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 2783, ATCC 27950) Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) Staphylococcus epidermidis Staphylococcus saprophyticus |
- | alpha-Amyrenyl acetate Aristolone Bornanone-3 Lanosta-8 Olean-12-en-3-ol, acetate Urs-12-en-24-oic acid |
[141] |
| Jatropha gossypifolia L. |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA)
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) |
- | Flavonoids | [142] |
| Jatropha multifida L. |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA)
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) |
- | Flavonoids | [142] |
| Jatropa carcass L. |
Bacillus subtilis
Escherichia coli Klebsiella Pneumoniae Neisseria gonorrhoea Pseudomonas aeruginosa Salmonella typhi Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus haemolyticus |
Aspergillus niger
Candida albicans |
Alkaloid Glycoside Saponin Steroid Tannin |
[136,143,144] |
| Leptadenia hastata (Pers.) Decne. |
Klebsiella Pneumoniae Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213) Salmonella typhi |
- | Alkaloids Flavonoids Glycosides Phenolic Proanthocyanidins Saponins Tannins Triterpene |
[145] |
| Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. |
Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) Klebsiella pneumoniae Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213) Salmonella typhi |
- | Alkaloids Flavonoids Phenols Saponins Steroids Tannins Terpenoids |
[145] |
|
Secamone afzelii (Schult.) K.Schum. |
Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 Klebsiella pneumoniae Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 Secamone afzelii Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 Salmonella typhi |
- | Alkaloids Cardiac glycosides Saponins Tannins |
[145] |
| Thevetia peruviana L. |
Bacillus subtilis
Klebsiella Pneumoniae Streptococcus haemolyticus Salmonella typhi |
Aspergillus niger
Candida albicans |
- | [136] |