Table 1.
Glucose | Fructose | Glucose + Fructose | Sucralose | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VO2 (L/min) | Baseline | 0.35 ± 0.15 | 0.45 ± 0.28 | 0.29 ± 0.15 | 0.33 ± 0.16 | 0.17 |
Peak | 0.49 ± 0.11 * | 0.57 ± 0.26 | 0.40 ± 0.13 | 0.49 ± 0.13 | 0.07 | |
End | 0.34 ± 0.07 | 0.31 ± 0.07 | 0.32 ± 0.07 | 0.34 ± 0.07 | 0.91 | |
VCO2 (L/min) | Baseline | 0.31 ± 0.12 | 0.36 ± 0.19 | 0.27 ± 0.10 | 0.28 ± 0.12 | 0.28 |
Peak | 0.45 ± 0.10 | 0.53 ± 0.22 | 0.40 ± 0.07 * | 0.43 ± 0.09 | 0.06 | |
End | 0.32 ± 0.06 | 0.29 ± 0.06 | 0.27 ± 0.07 | 0.29 ± 0.07 | 0.57 | |
CHO (g/min) | Baseline | 0.28 ± 0.10 | 0.27 ± 0.12 | 0.17 ± 0.10 | 0.17 ± 0.11 | 0.02 † |
Peak | 0.57 ± 0.20 * | 0.63 ± 0.19 * | 0.53 ± 0.09 * | 0.30 ± 0.07 | 0.001 † | |
End | 0.27 ± 0.15 | 0.26 ± 0.17 | 0.17 ± 0.12 | 0.14 ± 0.10 | 0.14 | |
Fat (g/min) | Baseline | 0.06 ± 0.07 | 0.10 ± 0.05 | 0.08 ± 0.05 | 0.09 ± 0.05 | 0.46 |
Peak | 0.14 ± 0.06 * | 0.13 ± 0.04 | 0.12 ± 0.05 | 0.15 ± 0.05 | 0.52 | |
End | 0.03 ± 0.03 | 0.02 ± 0.02 | 0.05 ± 0.03 | 0.05 ± 0.03 | 0.16 | |
RER | Baseline | 0.81 ± 0.04 | 0.86 ± 0.09 | 0.86 ± 0.09 | 0.83 ± 0.13 | 0.38 |
Peak | 1.02 ± 0.06 * | 1.03 ± 0.06 * | 1.03 ± 0.05 * | 0.93 ± 0.05 | 0.0002 † | |
End | 0.93 ± 0.05 | 0.92 ± 0.06 | 0.85 ± 0.06 | 0.85 ± 0.06 | 0.04 † | |
BF (1/min) | Baseline | 17.6 ± 3.1 | 16.8 ± 3.8 | 16.2 ± 5 | 17.5 ± 6.1 | 0.77 |
Peak | 24.1 ± 2.5 * | 24.3 ± 3.9 * | 22.7 ± 2.2 * | 22.4 ± 3.7 | 0.26 | |
End | 18.1 ± 2.6 | 17.0 ± 4.2 | 16.7 ± 2.8 | 17.6 ± 3.7 | 0.53 | |
VT (L/min) | Baseline | 0.59 ± 0.20 | 0.60 ± 0.20 | 0.56 ± 0.22 | 0.54 ± 0.11 | 0.54 |
Peak | 0.85 ± 0.15 * | 0.81 ± 0.16 * | 0.86 ± 0.11 * | 0.71 ± 0.18 | 0.21 | |
End | 0.65 ± 0.15 | 0.57 ± 0.16 | 0.58 ± 0.17 | 0.55 ± 0.17 | 0.14 | |
VE (L/min) | Baseline | 11.6 ± 3.2 | 12.8 ± 3.6 | 9.7 ± 4.2 | 11.1 ± 3.7 | 0.20 |
Peak | 15.1 ± 3.1 | 15.8 ± 4.3 | 14.5 ± 2.5 * | 14.9 ± 3.1 | 0.48 | |
End | 10.6 ± 1.5 | 10.3 ± 2.0 | 10.1 ± 2.9 | 10.1 ± 2.8 | 0.64 |
VO2: Ventilation oxygen. VCO2: Ventilation carbon dioxide. CHO: Carbohydrates. RER: Respiratory exchange ratio. BF: Breathing frequency. VT: Tidal volume. VE: Ventilation. * Indicates statistical significance compared to baseline. † Indicates significant treatment effect between groups (p < 0.05).