Table 3.
Gender-related differences during PIA.
| Variable | Gender | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Males | Females | |||||
| PIA-Onset | PIA-Peak | PIA-Remission | PIA-Onset | PIA-Peak | PIA-Remission | |
| DCX+ cells | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↔ |
| Ki67+ cells | ↔ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↔ |
| DCX/Ki67 | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↔ | ↓ | ↑ |
| TNF-α | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | ↑↑ |
| IL-17A | ↑↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↔ |
| Hippocampal BMP4 | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| Hippocampal BMP7 | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ | ↔ | ↔ | ↑ |
| Hippocampal Noggin | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| Hippocampal Gremlin | ↑↑ | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ |
| Synovial BMP4 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ | ↑↑ | ↑↑ |
| Synovial BMP7 | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑↑ |
| Synovial Noggin | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑↑ | ↑ | ↑↑ |
| Synovial Gremlin | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑↑ | ↑↑ | ↑↑ |
| Krenn synovitis score | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑↑ |
Arrows interpretation: ↔ without changes compared with control; ↑ increase compared with control; ↓ decrease compared with control; ↑↑ pronounced increase compared with the other gender.