Table 2.
Linear regression showing the association of visit 5 galectin-3 as a continuous variable (natural log transformed) and arterial stiffness as measured by visit 5 carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity in the overall included participants as well as by subgroups.
| Β coefficient | 95% CI | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (N=4275) | Model 1 | 53.9 | 22.8, 85.0 | 0.001 |
| Model 2 | 36.4 | 7.2, 65.5 | 0.015 | |
| Model 3 | 17.3 | −14.4, 49.0 | 0.285 | |
| Men (N=1731) | Model 1 | 81.6 | 31.8, 131.5 | 0.001 |
| Model 2 | 46.1 | −1.1, 93.3 | 0.055 | |
| Model 3 | 26.5 | −25.1, 78.1 | 0.314 | |
| Women (N=2544) | Model 1 | 34.4 | −5.3, 74.2 | 0.090 |
| Model 2 | 28.5 | −8.6, 65.7 | 0.132 | |
| Model 3 | 11.9 | −28.4, 52.2 | 0.563 | |
| Whites (N=3342) | Model 1 | 51.8 | 17.9, 85.8 | 0.003 |
| Model 2 | 27.4 | −4.5, 59.4 | 0.093 | |
| Model 3 | 5.6 | −28.7, 39.8 | 0.751 | |
| Blacks (N=933) | Model 1 | 60.8 | −13.3, 134.9 | 0.108 |
| Model 2 | 68.9 | −0.2, 138.1 | 0.051 | |
| Model 3 | 62.0 | −16.8, 140.9 | 0.123 | |
| Non-diabetics (N=3037) | Model 1 | 52.0 | 15.4, 88.5 | 0.005 |
| Model 2 | 35.1 | 0.8, 69.3 | 0.045 | |
| Model 3 | 24.9 | −12.1, 61.9 | 0.186 | |
| Diabetes (N=1238) | Model 1 | 14.9 | −43.2, 72.9 | 0.615 |
| Model 2 | 24.2 | −30.7, 79.2 | 0.387 | |
| Model 3 | 3.2 | −58.2, 64.6 | 0.918 | |
| Non-hypertension (N=1176) | Model 1 | 109.2 | 51.7, 166.8 | <0.001 |
| Model 2 | 73.9 | 19.5, 128.2 | 0.008 | |
| Model 3 | 52.2 | −3.7, 108.1 | 0.067 | |
| Hypertension (N=3073) | Model 1 | 12.5 | −24.5, 49.6 | 0.507 |
| Model 2 | 25.0 | −9.7, 59.6 | 0.158 | |
| Model 3 | 7.9 | −30.4, 46.2 | 0.685 | |
| Non-hypertension & non-diabetes (N=975) | Model 1 | 103.4 | 44.2, 162.6 | 0.001 |
| Model 2 | 72.8 | 16.7, 128.9 | 0.011 | |
| Model 3 | 67.2 | 9.2, 125.3 | 0.023 | |
| Hypertension or diabetes (N=3281) | Model 1 | 18.0 | −18.0, 54.0 | 0.327 |
| Model 2 | 26.9 | −7.0, 60.9 | 0.120 | |
| Model 3 | 4.6 | −32.7, 42.0 | 0.808 | |
| hs-CRP<2 mg/L (N=2289) | Model 1 | 59.9 | 18.4, 101.4 | 0.005 |
| Model 2 | 32.0 | −7.0, 71.0 | 0.108 | |
| Model 3 | 22.0 | −19.9, 63.9 | 0.304 | |
| hs-CRP≥2 mg/L (N=1986) | Model 1 | 29.7 | −17.2, 76.6 | 0.214 |
| Model 2 | 16.2 | −8.0, 80.4 | 0.108 | |
| Model 3 | 9.8 | −38.6, 58.3 | 0.691 | |
| Non-prevalent PAD (N=3905) | Model 1 | 45.3 | 13.0, 77.6 | 0.006 |
| Model 2 | 32.2 | 1.9, 62.5 | 0.037 | |
| Model 3 | 11.7 | −20.9, 44.3 | 0.483 | |
| Prevalent PAD (N=363) | Model 1 | 71.7 | −46.0, 189.3 | 0.232 |
| Model 2 | 29.7 | −82.4, 141.8 | 0.603 | |
| Model 3 | 53.3 | −79.2, 185.8 | 0.429 |
Model 1: Adjusted by v5 age, gender, and race-center; model 2: model 1 plus v5 heart rate, anti-hypertensive medication user, current smoking, and SBP; model 3: model 2 plus LDL-C, eGFR, BMI, diabetes status and hs-CRP