Table 4.
Multivariate Analysis of Adjusted Associations Between Medical Mistrust, Racism, and Types of Preventive Health Screening Delays
| Characteristic | Type of Preventive Screening Delay | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Routine Check-up | Blood Pressure Screening | Cholesterol Screening | |||||||
| OR | 95% CI | p-value | OR | 95% CI | p-value | OR | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Model 1 ‡ * | |||||||||
| Everyday Racism | 1.56 | (1.25,1.96) | <.001 | 1.52 | (1.20,1.93) | 0.00 | 1.05 | (0.80,1.37) | 0.75 |
| Perceived Racism in Healthcare | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Medical Mistrust | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| X2 | 150.1 | <.001 | 119.9 | <.001 | 86.9 | <.001 | |||
| Model 2 § * | |||||||||
| Everyday Racism† | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Perceived Racism in Healthcare† | 1.71 | (0.94,3.11) | 0.08 | 1.48 | (0.78, 2.80) | 0.23 | 3.25 | (1.53, 6.90) | 0.00 |
| Medical Mistrust† | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| X2 | 147.4 | <.001 | 107.7 | <.001 | 86.8 | <.001 | |||
| Model 3 ¶ * | |||||||||
| Everyday Racism† | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Perceived Racism in Healthcare† | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Medical Mistrust† | 2.87 | (1.45,5.71) | 0.00 | 2.82 | (1.31,6.05) | 0.01 | 2.12 | (0.87,5.17) | 0.10 |
| X2 | 155.1 | <.001 | 118.3 | <.001 | 88.4 | <.001 | |||
| Model 4 # * | |||||||||
| Everyday Racism† | 1.42 | (1.11,1.82) | 0.01 | 1.42 | (1.10,1.82) | 0.01 | 0.93 | (0.70,1.24) | 0.62 |
| Perceived Racism in Healthcare† | 0.10 | (0.48,1.97) | 0.97 | 0.86 | (0.43,1.82) | 0.69 | 3.44 | (1.44,8.23) | 0.01 |
| Medical Mistrust† | 2.10 | (0.92,4.78) | 0.08 | 2.79 | (1.15,6.81) | 0.02 | 1.02 | (0.37,2.83) | 0.97 |
| X2 | 154.1 | <.001 | 118.5 | <.001 | 88.2 | <.001 | |||
Note. CI = Confidence Interval; OR= Odds Ratio;
Models adjusted for age, recruitment site type, region, education, income, marital status, health insurance status, usual source of care, self-rated health status, chronic conditions (hypertension, coronary heart disease, and any heart disease), and depressive symptoms. Model 1 includes everyday racism only; Model 2 includes perceived racism in healthcare only; Model 3 includes medical mistrust only; Model 4 includes everyday racism, perceived racism in healthcare, and medical mistrust.
For each 1-point increase on likert-scale
Routine check-up delay = No routine check-up in the past year; Blood pressure screening delay = No blood pressure screening in the past year; Cholesterol screening delay = No cholesterol screening in the past five years.
Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit P-value = 0.06–0.62, indicating adequate model fit
Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit P-value = 0.25–0.70, indicating adequate model fit
Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit P-value = 0.13–0.61, indicating adequate model fit
Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit P-value = 0.11–0.61, indicating adequate model fit