Table 1.
Characteristics of Included Studies Aimed at Improving Physician Well-being
| Authors | `Country | Study Design | Number of Participants | Study Participants | Medical Specialty | Risk of Bias | Quality Grade |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ali et al., [50] | USA | Cluster RCT | 45 | Attending | Critical care | Low | A |
| Amutio et al., [56] | Spain | RCT & Quasi-experimental | 42 | Physician | Primary care | Low | A |
| Asuero et al., [57] | Spain | RCT | 68 | Health care professional including physicians | Primary care | Low | A |
| Axisa, et al., [62] | Australia | RCT | 46 | Resident | Pediatrics | Low | A |
| Bragard, et al., [68] | Belgium | RCT | 96 | Resident | Oncology | Low | A |
| Dyrbye, et al., [67] | RCT | 290 | Attending | Multiple | Low | A | |
| Garland, et al., [49] | Canada | RCT | 24 | Attending | Critical care | Low | A |
| Gunasingam, et al., [61] | Australia | RCT | 31 | Resident | – | Low | A |
| Holt & Del Mar [88] | Australia | RCT | 233 | Attending | Primary care | Low | A |
| Linzer, et al., [52] | USA | Cluster RCT | 166 | Attending | Primary care | Low | A |
| Lucas, et al., [53] | USA | Cluster RCT | 62 | Attending | Internal medicine | Low | A |
| Margalit, et al., [63] | Israel | RCT | 102 | Attending | Primary care | Low | A |
| Martins, et al., [65] | Argentina | RCT | 74 | Resident | Pediatrics | Low | A |
| Milstein, et al., [66] | USA | RCT | 15 | Attending | Pediatrics | Low | A |
| Montero-Marin, et al., [58] | Spain | Pre-Post quasi-experimental | 290 | Attending | Primary care | Low | A |
| Parshuram, et al., [55] | Canada | Cluster RCT | 49 | Resident | Multiple | Moderate | C |
| Ripp, et al., [51] | USA | Retrospective cohort | 239 | Resident | Internal medicine | Moderate | B |
| Shea, et al., [54] | USA | RCT | 106 | Resident | Internal medicine | Low | A |
| Verweij, et al., [59] | Netherlands | Controlled before-&-after | 50 | Attending | Primary care | Moderate | B |
| Weight, et al., [64] | USA | Controlled before-&-after | 628 | Resident, fellow | Multiple | Moderate | B |
| West, et al., [60] | USA | RCT | 74 | Attending | Multiple | Low | A |