Table 1.
Characteristics of the 4,488 enrolled critically ill patients divided by overall mortality
| All | Non-survivors | Survivors | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 4488) | (N = 2477) | (N = 2011) | ||
| Basic characteristics | ||||
| Age, years | 66.4 ± 16.4 | 69.7 ± 15.5 | 62.3 ± 16.6 | < 0.01 |
| Sex (male) | 2866 (63.9%) | 1634 (66.0%) | 1232(61.3%) | < 0.01 |
| Body mass index | 24.4 ± 4.7 | 23.9 ± 4.7 | 24.9 ± 4.7 | < 0.01 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 2.4 ± 1.6 | 2.7 ± 1.6 | 2.0 ± 1.5 | < 0.01 |
| Immunocompromised patients | 953 (21.2%) | 578 (23.3%) | 375(18.7%) | < 0.01 |
| Malignancy, active | 601 (13.4%) | 508 (20.5%) | 93 (4.6%) | < 0.01 |
| Solid tumor, active | 427 (9.5%) | 372 (15.0%) | 55 (2.7%) | < 0.01 |
| Hematological malignancy | 174 (3.9%) | 136 (5.5%) | 38 (1.9%) | < 0.01 |
| Autoimmune diseases | 107 (2.4%) | 54 (2.2%) | 53 (2.6%) | 0.32 |
| Organ transplant recipients | 15 (0.3%) | 7 (0.3%) | 8 (0.4%) | 0.51 |
| Follow-up duration, years | 1.2 ± 1.3 | 0.4 ± 0.8 | 2.2 ± 1.3 | < 0.01 |
| Etiology for ICU admission | ||||
| Sepsis with acute respiratory failure | 2584 (57.6%) | 1668 (67.3%) | 916 (45.5%) | < 0.01 |
| Acute neurological conditions | 431 (10.6%) | 170 (7.0%) | 261 (13.0%) | |
| Acute cardiac conditions | 190 (4.2%) | 42 (1.7%) | 148 (7.4%) | |
| Acute gastrointestinal condition | 174 (3.9%) | 109 (4.4%) | 65 (3.2%) | |
| Acute renal conditions | 121 (2.7%) | 56 (2.3%) | 65 (3.2%) | |
| Major surgery | 101 (2.3%) | 35 (1.4%) | 66 (3.3%) | |
| Cardiac arrest | 25 (0.6%) | 22 (0.9%) | 3 (0.2%) | |
| Others | 862 (19.2%) | 375 (15.1%) | 487 (24.2%) | |
| Severity and managements | ||||
| APACHE II score | 25.1 ± 7.5 | 27.7 ± 7.0 | 21.9 ± 6.7 | < 0.01 |
| Presence of shock | 2068 (46.1%) | 1476 (59.6%) | 592 (29.4%) | < 0.01 |
| Receiving mechanical ventilation | 3295 (73.4%) | 2044 (82.5%) | 1,251 (62.2%) | < 0.01 |
| Renal replacement therapy (RRT) | ||||
| Temporal RRT during admission | 708 (15.8%) | 533 (21.5%) | 175 (8.7%) | < 0.01 |
| RRT for ESRD | 125 (2.8%) | 68 (2.8%) | 57 (2.8%) | 0.86 |
| Fluid balance, day 1–3, mL | 717.6 ± 3727.4 | 1408.7 ± 4106.1 | − 133.6 ± 2988.9 | < 0.01 |
| Microbiologic data | ||||
| Positive culture, any culture site | 2362 (52.6%) | 1608 (64.9%) | 754 (37.5%) | < 0.01 |
| Blood | 631 (14.1%) | 491 (19.8%) | 140 (7.0%) | < 0.01 |
| Respiratory Tract | 1823 (40.6%) | 1267(51.2%) | 556 (27.7%) | < 0.01 |
| Urinary Tract | 831 (18.5%) | 607 (24.5%) | 224 (11.1%) | < 0.01 |
| Other sites | 160 (3.6%) | 111 (4.5%) | 49 (2.4%) | < 0.01 |
| Positive MDRO1 | 1286 (28.7%) | 925 (37.3%) | 361 (18.0%) | < 0.01 |
| Outcomes | ||||
| ICU-stay, days | 9.9 ± 8.4 | 11.3 ± 8.8 | 8.3 ± 7.6 | < 0.01 |
| Hospital-stay, days | 24.2 ± 19.1 | 26.4 ± 19.7 | 21.6 ± 17.8 | < 0.01 |
| Ventilator-day | 9.8 ± 9.1 | 10.8 ± 9.6 | 8.1 ± 8.0 | < 0.01 |
| Mortality at distinct time points | ||||
| In-hospital mortality | 1260 (28.1%) | 1260 (50.9%) | NA | NA |
| 90-day mortality | 1707 (38.0%) | 1707 (68.9%) | NA | NA |
| 1-year mortality | 2117 (47.2%) | 2117 (85.5%) | NA | NA |
1MDRO, included methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococci, and carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli. APACHE II acute physiology and chronic health evaluation, RRT renal replacement therapy, ESRD end-stage renal disease, MDRO multidrug-resistant organism, ICU intensive care unit, NA not applicable