Table 1.

Recommendation on the composition of infant formulae by an international expert group coordinated by the ESPGHAN [9].

Component/Unit	Mínimum	Máximum
Energy kcal/100 mL	60	70
Proteins g/100 kcal
Cow’s milk protein	1.8	3
Soy protein isolates	2.25	3
Hydrolyzed cow’s milk protein	1.8	3
Fats
Total fat, g/100 kcal	4.4	6
Linoleic acid, g/100 kcal	0.3	1.2
α-Linolenic acid, mg/100 kcal	50	n.s.
Ratio linoleic/α-Linolenic acids	5:1	15:1
Lauric + myristic acids, % of fat	n.s.	20
Trans fatty acids, % of fat	n.s.	3
Erucic acids, % of fat	n.s.	1
Carbohydrates
Total carbohydrates, g/100 kcal	9	14
Vitamins
Vitamin A, µg RE/100 kcal	60	180
Vitamin D3, µg/100 kcal	1	2.5
Vitamin E, mg α-TE/100 kcal	0.5	5
Vitamin K, µg/100 kcal	4	25
Thiamin, µg/100 kcal	60	300
Riboflavin, µg/100 kcal	80	400
Niacin, µg/100 kcal	300	1,500
Vitamin B6, µg/100 kcal	35	175
Vitamin B12, µg/100 kcal	0.1	0.5
Pantothenic acid, µg/100 kcal	400	2,000
Folic acid, µg/100 kcal	10	50
Vitamin C, mg/100 kcal	10	30
Biotin, µg/100 kcal	1.5	7.5
Mineral trace elements
Iron (formula based on cow’s milk protein and protein hydrolysate mg/100 kcal)	0.3	1.3
Iron (formula based on soy protein isolate) mg/100 kcal	0.45	2
Calcium mg/100 kcal	50	140
Phosphorus (formula based on cow’s milk protein and protein hydrolysate, mg/100 kcal)	25	90
Phosphorus (formula based on soy protein isolate) mg/100 kcal	30	100
Ratio calcium/phosphorus mg/mg	1:1	2:1
Magnesium mg/100 kcal	5	15
Sodium mg/100 kcal	20	60
Chloride mg/100 kcal	50	160
Potassium mg/100 kcal	60	160
Manganese µg/100 kcal	1	50
Fluoride µg/100 kcal	n.s.	60
Iodine µg/100 kcal	10	50
Selenium µg/100 kcal	1	9
Copper µg/100 kcal	35	80
Zinc mg/100 kcal	0.5	1.5
Other substances
Choline mg/100 kcal	7	50
Myo-inositol mg/100 kcal	4	40
L-Carnitine mg/100 kcal	1.2	n.s.