| Akt | protein kinase B |
| ALP | alkaline phosphatase |
| ALT | alanine transaminase |
| AST | aspartate transaminase |
| BCG | Bacillus Calmette Guerin vaccine |
| CAT | catalase |
| COX-2 | cyclooxygenase 2 |
| D-GalN | d-galactosamine |
| DPPH | 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl |
| ERK | extracellular regulated protein kinase |
| ERK1/2 | extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 |
| G6Pase | glucose-6-phosphatase |
| GK | glucokinase |
| GLP-1 | glucagon-like peptide-1 |
| Glut2 | glucose transporter type 2 |
| Glut4 | glucose transporter type 4 |
| GOT | glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase |
| GPT | glutamate pyruvate transaminase |
| GPx | glutathione peroxidase |
| GSH | glutathione |
| HbA1c | glycosylated hemoglobin |
| HBV | hepatitis B virus |
| HCG-CoA | hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A |
| HDL | high-density lipoprotein |
| HIV | human immunodeficiency virus |
| IKK-β | κB kinase-β |
| IL-10 | interleukin 10 |
| IL-1β | interleukin 1β |
| IL-4 | interleukin 4 |
| IL-6 | interleukin 6 |
| INF-γ | Th1-type cytokine interferon γ |
| iNOS | inducible nitric oxide synthase |
| ITS | internal transcribed spacer |
| JAK2/STAT3 | janus kinases 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 |
| JNK | Janus kinase |
| LDL | low density lipoprotein |
| LPO | lipid peroxide |
| LPS | lipopolysaccharide |
| MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| matK | maturase K |
| MDA | malondialdehyde |
| MRSA | methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| MSSA | methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus |
| NF-кB | nuclear factor kappa-B |
| NO | nitric oxide |
| P38 | P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| PEPCK | phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase |
| p-ERK | phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase |
| PGE2 | prostaglandin E2 |
| PPARγ | peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors γ |
| RSV | respiratory syncytial virus |
| SOD | superoxide dismutase |
| TBA | total bile acid |
| TBIL | total bilirubin |
| TC | total cholesterol |
| TG | thyroglobulin |
| TGF-β1 | transforming growth factor-β1 |
| TNF-α | tumor necrosis factor-α |
| TP | total protein |
| trnL | transfer RNA L |