Table 3.

Postoperative short-term outcomes of each group (N = 353)

Postoperative short-term outcomes	Preoperative intestinal dysbacteriosis			Sum	x2/H	P
	Grade 1 (n = 268)	Grade 2 (n = 58)	Grade 3 (n = 27)
Early postoperative diarrhoea	38 (14.2%)	25 (43.1%)	13 (48.1%)	76 (21.5%)	32.704	< 0.001†
Surgical complications	13 (4.9%)	6 (10.3%)	5 (18.5%)	24 (6.8%)	8.481	0.004†
Incision infections	5 (1.9%)	1 (1.7%)	2 (7.4%)	8 (2.3%)	2.091	0.148†
Abdominal/Pelvic infections	5 (1.9%)	2 (3.4%)	3 (11.1%)	10 (2.8%)	6.470	0.011†
Anastomotic leakage	4 (1.5%)	3 (5.2%)	3 (11.1%)	10 (2.8%)	9.429	0.002†
Pulmonary infections	16 (6.0%)	7 (12.1%)	6 (22.2%)	29 (8.2%)	9.733	0.002†
Urinary tract infections	3 (1.1%)	1 (1.7%)	0 (0.0%)	4 (1.1%)	0.049	0.824†
Fever of unknown origin	2 (0.7%)	1 (1.7%)	0 (0.0%)	3 (0.8%)	0.002	0.963†
Total postoperative complications	34 (12.7%)	15 (25.9%)	11 (40.7%)	60 (17.0%)	17.481	< 0.001†
Length of postoperative stay (days)	6.0 (3–32)	6.0 (3–32)	6.0 (3–31)	6.0 (3–16)	1.867	0.393
Length of antibiotics therapy (days)	2.0 (1–24)	2.0 (1–24)	3.0 (2–20)	2.0 (1–18)	9.791	0.007‡
Antibiotics regimen§, n(%)
Cefoxitin or Cefmetazole	260 (97.0%)	54 (93.1%)	22 (81.5%)	336 (95.2%)	21.163	0.002
Cefoperazone/sulbactam (Sulperazon)	3 (1.1%)	1 (1.7%)	3 (11.1%)	7 (2.0%)
Piperacillin/tazobactam (Tazocin)	2 (0.7%)	2 (3.4%)	2 (7.4%)	6 (1.7%)
Moxifloxacin (Avelox)	3 (1.1%)	1 (1.7%)	0 (0.0%)	4 (1.1%)

The data are presented as n(%) for categorical variables or the median (range) for continuous variables

^†The P value was obtained by Chi-square test for trend

^‡Pairwise multiple comparisons after Kruskal–Wallis test: grade 1 vs. grade 3, adjusted P < 0.05

^§Antibiotic regimen: cefoxitin or cefmetazole, 2.0 g Q8h, Sulperazon 3.0 g Q8h, tazoxin 4.5 g Q8h, avelox 0.4 g Qd