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. 2021 Oct 24;13(11):2143. doi: 10.3390/v13112143

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Immunological findings from the twins vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. (a) The time line of the follow-up performed with monozygotic twins at days post immunization with the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine, including the blood draw collection to perform immunological assays, and the days of intravenously biological treatment using infliximab (IFX) by twin 2 are highlighted in green. (b) Serological assay to detect specific anti-spike glycoprotein (SARS-CoV-2) antibody. (c) Elispot assay to detect IFNγ-secreted cells. (d) Percentage of polyclonal activation (CD38+) for B and T lymphocytes subsets after spike glycoprotein peptides stimulation. (e) Gates representing the percentage of activated CD8+ T cells expressing HLA-A*24 after antigenic stimulation over time (red chart gates), as well as those cells gated on memory subsets for both twins. Memory T cells subsets were based on CCR7 and CD45RA co-expression—TEM: terminally differentiated memory cells (CCR7-CD45RA+); CM: central memory cells (CCR7+CD45RA-); EM: effector memory cells (CCR7-CD45RA-); Naïve (CCR7+CD45RA+). (f) Percentage of activated CD4+ T cells after cell stimulation with spike glycoprotein. (g) Percentage of activated CD8+ T cells after cell stimulation with spike glycoprotein. (h) Percentage of activated CD8+HLA-A*24+ T cells after cell stimulation with spike glycoprotein. Baseline signals of activated cells in unstimulated controls were subtracted from SARS-CoV-2-stimulated assays to enable the visualization of SARS-CoV-2-specific B and T cells signals. Abbreviations—DPI: days post immunization. IFX: infliximab therapy.