Fig. 5.

Abrogation of the inhibitory effects of arctiin on RIG-I/P-JNK MAPK signaling by HO-1 inhibition. A A549 cells were pretreated with Znpp (20 μM) for 2 h and then inoculated with H9N2 avian influenza virus at MOI of 0.1 for 2 h. The virus-infected cells were treated with arctiin (300 μg/mL) or in combination with Znpp (20 μM) treatment. After 24 h, the cells were lysed and western blot analysis of RIG-I and phosphorylated-JNK was done. B Band intensities of RIG-I and phosphorylated-JNK in (A) were normalized to GAPDH by densitometric analysis using ImageJ software. The results are expressed as means ± SD. ^#p < 0.05 compared with the control group; ^*p < 0.05 compared with H9N2 virus infection alone; ^ξp < 0.05 compared with H9N2 virus + arctiin (300 μg/mL) group