CS	cesarean section
CSP	cesarean scar pregnancy
CTGF	connective tissue growth factor
GS	gestational sac
FGF	fibroblast growth factor
LUS	lower uterine segment
PAS	placenta accrete spectrum
RMT	residual myometrial thickness
wks	weeks’ gestation
VBAC	vaginal birth after a cesarean section
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor α
TGF-ß	transforming growth factor β