Table 2.
Changes in characteristics of children randomized to watchful waiting with supportive care (WWSC) during the study period when classified based on resolution of their sleep apnea (AHI < 1) and sleep quality (SQI ≥ 75) at 7-month follow-up.
| Higher Sleep Quality and No OSA at Follow-Up (n = 43) |
Lower Sleep Quality and OSA at Follow-Up (n = 160) |
Contrast (p-Value) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | |||
| Body Mass Index (BMI) (Kg/m2) | 0.48 [0.13, 0.82] | 0.53 [0.31, 0.75] | −0.06 (0.763) |
| BMI-z score | −0.01 [−0.33, 0.31] | −0.23 [−0.43, −0.03] | 0.22 (0.204) |
| Waist circumference—Average (cm) | 1.48 [0.18, 2.79] | 2.37 [1.53, 3.20] | −0.88 (0.203) |
| Sleep Measures | |||
| Sleep Quality Index (SQI) | 6.31 [−0.05, 12.67] | −1.65 [−5.59, 2.29] | 7.96 (0.023) |
| Apnea hypopnea index 3% (AHI) | −3.08 [−5.79, −0.38] | 0.05 [−1.65, 1.76] | −3.14 (0.030) |
| Respiratory Disturbance Index 3% (RDI) | -3.08 [−5.95, −0.22] | 0.26 [−1.55, 2.06] | −3.34 (0.029) |
| Questionnaires | |||
| PedQoL Parent Total Score | −4.53 [−8.66, −0.39] | −1.58 [−4.18, 1.03] | −2.95 (0.182) |
| PedQoL Child Total Score | 0.78 [−5.05, 6.61] | 1.63 [−2.37, 5.62] | −0.85 (0.781) |
| Child Behavior Checklist Total score | −1.17 [−3.84, 1.50] | −1.41 [−3.07, 0.26] | 0.24 (0.868) |
| Conners DSM-IV Total Score | −0.18 [−3.21, 2.85] | −0.38 [−2.30, 1.55] | 0.20 (0.902) |
| OSA-18 Summary-Average | −0.11 [−0.48, 0.26] | −0.16 [−0.39, 0.07] | 0.05 (0.793) |
| PSQ-SRBD Total | −0.03 [−0.09, 0.03] | 0.001 [−0.03, 0.05] | −0.04 (0.215) |
| NEPSY | |||
| Core Domain: Attention/Executive function | 0.72 [−3.6, 5.03] | 3.45 [0.73, 6.16] | −2.73 (0.235) |
| Tower: Attention/Executive function | −0.09 [−1.06, 0.87] | 0.53 [-0.07, 1.14] | −0.63 (0.233) |
Descriptive statistics were presented as means with confidence intervals (CI95%). BMI, body mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters); BMI z score (relative weight adjusted for child age and sex); SQI, sleep quality index; AHI, apnea/hypopnea index; RDI, respiratory disturbance index; PedQoL, pediatric quality of life questionnaire; PSQ-SRBD, Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire-Sleep Related Breathing Disorders; NEPSY, Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment.