Table 2.
Observational studies reporting CAPA.
| Characteristics | No. (%) |
|---|---|
| No. of CAPA cases/total number of patients | 404/12,080 (3.3) |
| Sex | Male: 242 (59.9) |
| Main underlying diseases | Arterial hypertension: 162 (40.1) Diabetes mellitus: 113 (27.9) Chronic pulmonary disease: 84 (20.8) Cardiovascular disease: 54 (13.4) Obesity: 95 (23.5) |
| COVID-19 treatments | Steroids: 139 (34.4) Tocilizumab: 71 (17.6) Eculizumab: 2 (0.5) |
| No. of positive cultured samples/tested samples Sample types |
261/448 (58.3) 121/191: BAL (10 with positive DE) 38/40: BAS 53/74: TA (1 with positive DE) 9/18: sputum 44/49: respiratory specimen NS (2 with positive DE) |
| Aspergillus species |
A. fumigatus: 181 (73.3) A. niger: 13 (5.3) A. flavus: 12 (4.9) A. terreus: 5 (2) Others: 36 (14.6) Total: 247 |
| No. of GM-positive samples/tested samples | Serum 70/379 (18.5) Respiratory samples 157/272 (57.7) 137/239: BAL 14/21: TA 4/10: BAS 2/2: respiratory specimen NS |
| No. of PCR-positive samples/tested samples | Respiratory samples 100/133 (75.2) 57/82: BAL; 10/14: TA; 16/18: BAS; 17/19: respiratory specimen NS Serum 13/50 (26) |
| No. of BDG-positive samples/tested samples | 74/210 (35) |
| No. of patients with specific imaging findings | 42/223 (18.8) Nodules: 29 (69) Cavities: 16 (38.1) Wedge-shaped consolidations: 7 (16.7) Air crescent: 2 (4.8) Halo sign: 2 (4.8) |
| No. of patients receiving anti-fungal treatment Anti-fungal agents |
230/321 (71.7) Voriconazole: 148 (64.3) AMB: 55 (23.9) Echinocandin: 30 (13) Isavuconazole: 27 (11.7) Other azoles: 7 (3) |
| No. of deaths | 184/337 (54.6) |
Data are absolute numbers (percentage) unless otherwise specified. Positive direct examination refers to the observation of septate branching hyphae in respiratory samples. Abbreviations. GM, galattomannan; ODI, optical density index; BAL, bronchial-alveolar lavage; BAS, bronchial aspirate; TA, tracheal aspirate; NS, not specified; BDG, (1–3)-β-D-glucan; AMB, amphotericin B.