Table 6.
Case reports and case series reporting mucomycosis associated with COVID-19.
| Characteristics | No. (%) |
|---|---|
| Mucormycosis cases | 59 |
| Sex | Males: 42 (71.2) |
| Median age (IQR) | 51 (42–62) |
| Main underlying diseases | Diabetes mellitus: 46 (77.9) Arterial hypertension: 14 (23.7) Cardiovascular disease: 6 (10.2) Obesity: 5 (8.4) Chronic pulmonary disease: 2 (3.4) |
| COVID-19 treatments | Steroids: 33 (55.9) Tocilizumab: 8 (13.6) |
| Timing of occurrence of mucormycosis | During COVID-19: 50 (84.7) After COVID-19: 9 (15.3) |
| Mucormycosis site | Rhino-orbital: 19 (32.2) Rhino-orbital-cerebral: 19 (32.2) Pulmonary: 12 (20.3) Rhino-sinusal: 3 (5.1) Disseminated: 2 (3.4) Soft tissues: 1 (1.7) Muscolo-skeletal: 1 (1.7) Gastric: 1 (1.7) Palatal: 1 (1.7) |
| Histopathological diagnosis, specimen | 53/59 (91.5) Nasal biopsy: 29 (54.7) Nasal material: 10 (18.9) Autopsy: 4 (7.5) BAL: 4 (7.5) Lung biopsy: 2 (3.8) Sputum: 1 (1.9) Other biopsies: 5 (9.4) |
| Positive culture species | 33/37 (89.2) R. arrhizus: 7 R. microsporus: 5 (+1 sample with only positive PCR) Lichtemia: 3 R. azygosporus: 1 Rhizopus/Mucor spp.: 13 Species not specified: 4 +1 case with a positive Mucorales PCR |
| No. of patients receiving anti-fungal treatment Anti-fungal agents |
55/59 (93.1) AMB: 53 (96.4) Azoles: 20 (36.4) Echinocandins: 3 (5.5) |
| No. of patients undergoing surgery | 35/59 (59.3) Maxillofacial surgery: 31 (88.6) Lung resection: 1 (2.9) Pleural decortication: 1 (2.9) Soft tissue debridement: 1 (2.9) |
| No. of deaths | 30 (50.8) |
Data are absolute numbers (percentage) unless otherwise specified. Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; AMB, amphotericin B; BAL, bronchial alveolar alavage. Nasal material: nasal samples other than biopsy (i.e., swabs, discharges, etc.).