Table 7.
Observational studies reporting mucormycosis associated with COVID-19.
| Characteristics | No. (%) |
|---|---|
| No. of mucormycosis cases/total number of patients | 3126/36509 (8.6) |
| Sex | Male: 2206 (70.6) |
| Main underlying diseases | Diabetes mellitus: 2379 (76.1) Arterial hypertension: 731 (23.4) Cardiovascular disease: 38 (1.2) Obesity: 4 (0.1) Chronic pulmonary disease: 27 (0.9) |
| COVID-19 treatments | Steroids: 2307 (73.8) Tocilizumab: 65 (2.1) |
| Timing of occurrence | During COVID-19: 231 After COVID-19: 69 |
| Mucormycosis site | Rhino-orbital: 1530 (48.9) Rhino-sinusal: 769 (24.6) Rhino-orbito-cerebral: 635 (20.3) Pulmonary: 20 (0.6) Disseminated: 4 (0.1) Other sites: 4 (0.1) Site not specified: 5 (0.2) |
| Histopathological diagnosis | 1340/3062 (43.8) |
| Positive culture Species | 575/2437 (23.6) Mucorales not specified: 100 Rhizopus spp.: 11 R. arrhizus: 8 Mucor spp.: 6 Lichtemia spp.: 2 R. stolonifer: 1 R. microsporus: 1 Species not specified: 508 +1 case with positive Rhizopus/Mucor PCR on RS and serum |
| No. of patients receiving anti-fungal treatment Anti-fungal agents |
2352/3113 (75.6) AMB: 2289 (97.3) Posaconazole: 799 (33.9) Isavuconazole: 54 (2.3) Voriconazole: 2 (0.1) Caspofungin: 2 (0.1) |
| No. of patients undergoing surgery | 1808/2646 (68.3) |
| No. of deaths | 405/2524 (16) |
Data are absolute numbers (percentage) unless otherwise specified. Abbreviations: AMB, amphotericin B. The two largest studies [176,177] report the median time from the diagnosis of COVID-19 to the diagnosis of COVID-associated mucormycosisbut not the frequency of patients with cuncurrent or post-COVID-19 infection.