Table 1.
Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) milk chemical composition and nutritional value.
| Compound | Value | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Milk density (g/cm3) | 1.037 | [2] |
| Chemical composition | ||
| Dry matter (%) | 16.10 | [2] |
| Solid non-fat (%) | 10.48 | [2] |
| Protein (%) | 2.70–5.20 | [3,10,21,22] |
| Casein (g/100 mL of milk) | 3.07–3.20 | [19] |
| Fat (%) | 6.02–8.80 | [2,3,10,21] |
| Lactose (%) | 4.51–5.36 | [2,3,21,22] |
| Total ash (%) | 0.60–0.90 | [2,3,22] |
| Energy (kJ/kg) | 3450–4.054 | [2,21] |
| Amino acids (g/100 g protein) | ||
| Threonine | 1.99–5.71 | [22,23] |
| Cysteine | 0.59 | [23] |
| Valine | 6.76–8.28 | [22,23] |
| Methionine | 0.93–1.99 | [22,23] |
| Isoleucine | 3.32–5.71 | [22,23] |
| Leucine | 6.12–9.79 | [22,23] |
| Tyrosine | 3.36–3.86 | [22,23] |
| Phenylalanine | 3.97–4.71 | [22,23] |
| Lysine | 7.50–9.84 | [23,22] |
| Cholesterol (mg/100 g of milk) | 6.50–17.96 | [3,24] |
| Fatty acids (%) | ||
| C4:0 | 3.66–4.18 | [25] |
| C6:0 | 1.67–2.78 | [25] |
| C8:0 | 1.82–2.98 | [25] |
| C10:0 | 1.80–3.21 | [25] |
| C12:0 | 2.39–3.92 | [25] |
| C14:0 | 9.96–10.97 | [25] |
| C16:0 | 26.49–30.17 | [25] |
| C16:1n-7 | 1.24–2.02 | [25] |
| C18:0 | 10.78–13.79 | [25] |
| C18:1n-9 | 23.33–25.17 | [25] |
| C18:2n-6 | 1.07–1.84 | [25] |
| SFA | 63.31–68.31 | [25] |
| MUFA | 25.27–28.32 | [25] |
| PUFA | 2.43–3.10 | [25] |
| CLA | 0.41–0.58 | [25] |
| Minerals (mg/100 g) | ||
| Ca | 112–148 | [22,26] |
| P | 99–107 | [22,26] |
| K | 86–92 | [22,26] |
| Mg | 8–14 | [22,26] |
| Na | 35–37 | [22,26] |
| Zn | 0.41–0.46 | [22,26] |
| Fe | 0.16 | [26] |
| Cu | 0.04 | [22,26] |
| Mn | 0.03–0.07 | [22,26] |
SFA: Saturated fatty acids; MUFA: Monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA: Polyunsaturated fatty acids; CLA: Conjugated linoleic acid.