Table 6.
Overview of biomonitoring studies on BPA urinary levels in children expressed as geometric mean (GM) of unadjusted (μg/L) and creatinine-adjusted (μg/g crea) concentrations, 75th, 90th and 95th percentiles (μg/L) and estimated BPA daily intake (ng/kg bw per day).
| Country | Collection (Years) | Population (N) (Age) |
GM (μg/L) (μg/g crea) |
P75 | P90 (μg/L) | P95 | Intake GM (95% CI) (ng/kg bw per Day) |
References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Italy | 2015–2017 | 900 4–14 years |
7.06 μg/L 7.77 μg/g |
12.1 | 22.98 | 24.1 | 170 (160–190) | This study |
| Germany | 2014–2017 | 515 3–17 years |
1.90 μg/L 1.67 μg/g |
- | 5.24 | 7.24 | - | [24] |
| Slovenia | 2011–2012 | 145 6–11 years |
1.81 μg/L 1.51 μg/g |
3.47 | 6.81 | - | - | [25] |
| France | 2014–2016 | 500 6–17 years |
2.26 μg/L 1.97 μg/g |
3.71 | 5.56 | 7.09 | - | [26] |
| Portugal | 2014–2015 | 110 4–18 years |
1.58 μg/L 1.76 μg/g |
- | - | 16.0 | 41.6 (----) | [27] |
| Belgium | 2011–2012 | 125 6–11 years |
2.35 μg/L 2.10 μg/g |
3.76 | 8.15 | 13.4 | 41.2 (32.9–51.7) | [13] |
| Denmark | 2011–2012 | 142 6–11 years |
1.87 μg/L 1.94 μg/g |
3.42 | 6.20 | 7.90 | 38.9 (32.2–47.0) | [13] |
| Spain | 2011–2012 | 118 6–11 years |
1.83 μg/L 2.01 μg/g |
3.59 | 7.36 | 9.84 | 38.3 (31.4–46.7) | [13] |
| Sweden | 2011–2012 | 97 6–11 years |
1.48 μg/L 1.67 μg/g |
2.22 | 4.14 | 6.24 | 32.6 (27.8–38.3) | [13] |
| USA | 2011–2012 | 396 8–10 years |
1.6 μg/L 2.3 μg/g |
3.1 | - | 8.5 | 30.4 (27.0–34.2) | [28] |
| Korea | 2010–2012 | 258 7–12 years |
1.88 μg/L 2.09 μg/g |
- | - | - | 40 (38–41) | [29] |